$1.$ Elaborate on the significance of vulnerability assessment within penetration testing and its role in identifying potential system weaknesses.

$2.$ Discuss different port scanning techniques and how can each benefit the hacking process.

$3.$ What are the reasons of performing OS fingerprinting in penetration testing.

$4.$ What is the use of enumeration in the overall assessment of a system's security. Give examples of enumeration in pen testing.

$5.$ Discuss the concept of red and blue team exercise in the context of cyber security.

$6.$ Discuss any three solutions that can used to protect a target from attackers using port scanning to gain access.

$7.$ Explain the terms; enumeration, exploitation and payload as used in ethical hacking, and their practical importance.

$8.$ Explain Cyber Kill Chain framework and its importance to organization in developing security program.

$9.$ How penetration testing differs from vulnerability assessment?

$10.$ What are the four key protocol concepts that an ethical hacking expert has to comply with and why are they important.

$11.$ Explain the codes of ethics that a professional ethical hacker should adhere to$.$

$12.$ Explain vulnerability and different sources of systems$/$applications vulnerabilities.

$13.$ Examine and differentiate the methodologies of black$-$box and white$-$box penetration testing.

$14.$ Port scanning, network scanning, and vulnerability scanning are the three types of scanning in ethical hacking process. Discuss how each type help a hacker in accomplishing his$/$her goal.

$15.$ How can you distinguish an ethical hacker from maliciuos hacker.

$16.$ Explain footprinting techniques commonly used in ethical hacking and why footprinting is important