1. Explain the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system and its role in maintaining blood pH. State two pathologies that alter the acid-base balance of the blood (one that produces alkalosis, and one that produces acidosis)

How do the kidneys participate in the buffering of blood pH?

How do the lungs participate in the buffering of blood pH?

Here is a list of ten terms that represent important concepts in this module. Five of these ten words will be randomly selected to appear on this exam. Provide a definition for each term.

1. Acidosis

2. Buffer

3. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

4. Edema

5. Hypernatremia

6. Hypovolemia

7. Intracellular fluid

8. Oncotic pressure

9. Osmolality

10. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system