1. Explain what forces have contributed to the U.S. becoming the only developed Western country to retain the death penalty.

2. Name and define three of the five theories for punishment, and then indicate whether studies confirm or oppose this theory as a form of effective punishment.

3. Compare and contrast the Japanese and Chinese criminal punishment methodologies throughout history. To what extent has each culture been affected by Western-style modern criminal justice movements?

4. Compare capital punishment (death penalty) among the United States, Islamic nations, Japan, and China. What are the similarities and differences among these countries.