1. Explain what is measured by each of the following: sum of squares (SS), variance, and standard deviation. Why is it essential to understand the difference between sample statistics and population parameters (e.g., when to use n-1 when calculating variance)?

2.A population distribution is standardized to produce a new distribution. What is the standardized distribution called? What information is provided by the sign (+/-) of a z-score? What information is provided by the numerical value of the z-score?

3.You and a friend are talking about the probability of getting a heads on a single toss of a fair coin. Your friend insists that you are more likely to get a heads on a single toss of a fair coin than a tails. Is your friend correct, why or why not? If we were to toss the fair coin an infinite number of times, what would we expect?