1- From the consumer's viewpoint, which of the following is to get the most total satisfaction or value from the least amount of money spent given the prices of the goods or services faced and the income level of the consumer?

Product maximization

Resource maximization

Utility maximization

Profit maximization

2- Because public goods are jointly consumed, which of the following is obtained by summing the private marginal benefits across all individuals?

External benefits of consumption

Private marginal costs

Social marginal costs

Social marginal benefit

3- Which of the following must be present for a firm to maintain its market power for an extended period of time?

Perfect competition

Supply and demand

Profit maximization

Barriers to entry

4- Government regulators have responded to the apparent change in the effects of concentration on hospital markets and now tend to see competition as beneficial.

True

False

5- In the investment model view, which of the following is conditional on both the cost of health capital and the rate of depreciation of health stock?

Supply of health

Quality of health

Demand for health

Production of health

6- Because one's productivity in the workplace is likely to be affected by one's health, investment in health could increase earnings to the extent that one might spend money on health care without reducing his or her consumption of other goods.

True

False

7- Which of the following results from a process in which the individual can only influence the probability of transitions from one health state to another?

Health equity

Health promotion

Health disparities

Health status

8- Insurance coverage has been shown to diminish the importance of time in the decision about how much medical care to seek and which providers to use.

True

False

9- With which of the following are patients able to choose freely because there are no gatekeepers restricting the choices, but there is a clear financial incentive to stay within the network?

Accountable care organizations

Point of service plans

Health maintenance organizations

Preferred provider organizations

10- Which of the following is one of the solutions proposed by the Affordable Care Act to address the gaps in quality and unrestrained costs of the U.S. healthcare delivery system as seen through the Medicare fee-for-service system?

Patient-centered medical homes

Point of service plans

Accountable care organizations

Preferred provider organizations

11- What type of private insurance increases the subscriber's choice of provider and improves access to services financially or through an increased approved network of providers?

Substitutive

Exclusive

Complementary

Supplementary

12- The racial and ethnic differences in obesity prevalence occur after controlling for which of the following?

Gender

Family Income

Educational Attainment

Age

13- Good weather increases quantity supplied at every price, causing a rightward shift in the supply curve.

True

False

14- Which of the following would be exhibited if a doubling of output can be achieved without doubling all the inputs?

Increasing returns to scale

Constant returns to scale

Decreasing returns to scale

Diseconomies of scale

15- Which of the following results from bureaucratic red tape, breakdown of top-to-bottom communication, and poor decisions being made when the firm gets too large and long-run average costs increase?

Decreasing returns to scale

Increasing returns to scale

Constant returns to scale

Diseconomies of scale

16- What is the main reason why physicians believe they are not fairly compensated?

Incurring large debt in training

Increasing government control

Decreasing insurance reimbursement

Increasing cost of medical malpractice insurance

17- if entry restrictions are coupled with rules prohibiting price competition, monopoly-level prices could result even when there are many suppliers of the same service.

True

False

18- The incentive to innovate would be reduced because which of the following makes research and development activity less profitable?

Certification

Duplication

Classification

Proliferation

19- Which of the following is defined as the value of the resources used compared to the value of the resources saved or created?

Absolute price

Absolute cost

Absolute benefit

Absolute profit

20- Which of the following identifies uncertain or controversial estimates in the study and presents an exposition of the ways in which different assumptions influence the study results?

Sensitivity analysis

Cost-development analysis

Cost-benefit analysis

Cost-utility analysis

21- Reflecting the trade-offs involved, most health systems today are neither purely centralized nor decentralized but are mixed economies.

True

False

22- A lower deductible on an insurance policy is inefficient when its marginal cost is greater than the marginal benefit of additional coverage.

True

False

23- During the Great Society from 1960 to 1965, reformers focused on the uninsured and the disenfranchised as the deserving population segments for healthcare programs.

True

False

24- The study by Alwan and colleagues concluded that surveillance and interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of chronic disease was adequate in most countries.

True

False

25- Cherry-picking and redlining of benefits in the private insurance industry, quantity setting behavior in the physician services industry, and medical arms race in the hospital industry are all the result of which of the following?

Utilization

Corruption

Competition

Benchmarking