1. Here is a brief summary of a fictitious study. Read the summary and then respond to the questions that follow.

Denny studied factors affecting cardiovascular reactivity to a postural change in a sample of healthy men and women. Denny used change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from supine to standing position as the measure of cardiac reactivity in a sample of 842 adults. Supine measurement of SBP was taken after participants had lain on an examination table for 15 minutes. Blood pressure was measured every 30 seconds using a Dinamap device for 2 minutes, and the measurements were averaged. Participants then stood up immediately, and additional measurements were made for another 2 minutes. Below is a table that shows information about SBP values obtained in this study.

Table 1. Postural Change in SBP (in mm Hg) by Gender and Race

Subgroup of Participants	Supine SBP Mean (SD)	Standing SBP Mean (SD)	Percentage with >5.0 Decrease	Percentage with >5.0 Increase
White women (n = 301)	120.4 (18.4)	120.0 (18.8)	32.6%	32.2%
African American women (n = 109)	122.7 (19.3)	122.8 (19.4)	30.2%	31.9%
White men (n = 337)	121.2 (18.9)	120.2 (19.9)	39.5%	25.6%
African American men (n = 95)	124.7 (20.4)	125.9 (21.6)	13.7%	51.3%
Total (n = 842)	121.5 (19.0)	121.1 (19.5)	29.8%	31.7%

Short-Answer Questions

a. What are the independent variables in this table? What are the dependent variables in this table?

b. Would it be possible to analyze any of the data in Table 1 with independent groups t-tests? If yes, specify how.

c. Would it be possible to analyze any of the data in Table 1 with paired t-tests? If yes, specify how.

d. Would it be possible to analyze data in Table 1 with Pearson's r?

e. Would it be possible to analyze data in Table 1 with ANOVA? If yes, specify how.

f. Would it be possible to analyze data in Table 1 with a chi-square test? If yes, specify how.