1. How does search Engine works? Explain in detail.

2. Explain the stages of ontology development life cycle.

3. How to construct a SPARQL query in detail with example?

practical side

4. Do the following tasks using Protg software:

1. Create a new protg project called BookLib.

2. Create the following sub classes to things: Books, BookType and BookAuthor

3. Make the Books, BookType and BookAuthor are disjoint classes.

4. Create the following sub classes for BookType and BookAuthor BookType: Family, Drama, Thriller, Comedy, Art, Romance

5. BookAuthor: Joumana Haddad, Rabee Jaber, Youssef Ziedan, Sidney Sheldon, Shakespeare

6. Make the classes disjoint.

7. Create object property hasBelonger

8. For hasBelonger property, create the following sub properties: hasWriter, hasPublisher

9. Create a new object property called isBelongerOf and make this property as inverse of: hasBelonger property

10. for isBelongerOf property, create the following sub properties isPublisherOf and IsWriterOf. Make these two properties as inverse for the appropriate properties in the hasBelonger property.

11. Create a transitive property in hasBelonger and do the same with IsBelongerOf

12. Create functional property for hasPublisher

13. Specify the Range:

a. Make bookType as a range of hasPublisher

b. Set the domain of the isPublisherOf property to Book

c. Set the rage of the isPublisherOf property to Book

d. Do similar to hasWriter and specify the rang as BookAuthor

e. For isWriter property make Book as range

14. Specify the Domain:

a. Make Book class as domain for hasPublisher

b. BookType will be domain of isPublisherOf

c. Book class will be the domain of hasWriter property

d. BookAuthor class will be the domain of isWriterOf property

15. Finally invoke the reasoned.

16. As an additional work remove the identified inconsistencies and ensure the consistency