1) How has distributed computing shaped communication in society?

2) Distributed systems of clients and servers offer services without regard to performance or speed. What additional hardware or software enhancements could be made to distributed computing systems to add some degree of performance improvement?

3) The reliability of a distributed system depends on the failure of an 'unknown node' in the system. Discuss this statement in the broader context of distributed system's definition.

4) Concurrent programming, or processing, is central of distributed computing; which is efficiently supported by several operating systems concepts and mechanisms. Briefly discuss one of these mechanisms for the support.

5) A) Four key primitive operations - send(), receive(), connect() and disconnect) are used for IPC (interprocess communication). What will be the most desirable order of execution of these operations?

B) Assume that each of these operations is considered an 'event' occurrence when issued. If a send() is 'non-blocking' but receivel) and connect() are always 'blocking', how would these constraints affect the order of execution of these operations?

C) In which ways) do timeouts, interrupts, and threading offer solutions to potential miscommunication among processes?

6) The computing nodes in distributed systems are often heterogeneous so their co-existence depends on a form of resolutions of their different data representations. How is this cross-platform data exchange issue often handled?

7) Pick one of these distributed computing paradigms and very briefly describe it using a real-world application. (20 pts) [Note: Think of the application very deeply first before you start writing only the relevant points.] Client-Server Peer-to-Peer Mobile-Agent Distributed Objects (generally)