1. How is the work of Louis Pasteur similar to Florence Nightingale's and how does their work impact society?

2. "There are many reasons for the house's crumbling foundation," would be what reasoning level according to Perry? Why is this statement placed at this level?

3. From Low to High, identify the three stages of Piaget's reasoning levels. "The orange is round and smaller than a grapefruit" is an example of what stage of Piaget's reasoning levels and why.

4. a convergent question and then a divergent question around the lack of science-oriented career professionals born in the U.S. 5. Explain how divergent questioning helps improve teaching in STEM classrooms.

6. I see the sun as yellow but perhaps a color-blind person sees the sun as a different color; therefore, can the view of the sun really be called yellow? Just because it is yellow from earth doesn't mean that it is yellow from other planets. Thus, I am uncertain if the sun can be called yellow.

Define Pre-reflective, Quasi-reflective, and Reflective. Which of these three Models of Reasoning is represented in the example above and why?

7. Why has science moved from the age of optimism in the late 1800s to less optimism starting in the mid-1900s?

8. Discuss the role of scientific literacy/science skills in research progress?

9. "The moon and the sun are the same size" is an example of concrete reasoning. Explain how a formal reasoner would differ from the concrete reasoner in this example.

10. Discuss the decline of science reasoning and literacy in U.S. society, specifically emphasize strategies for improving teaching and how society would need to change to foster science literacy.

11. Discuss how the birth of the modern university system led to science progress in the 19th century.