1. Identify the most likely type of causal relationship between each of the following pairs of variables. Assume that a strong positive correlation has been observed with the first variable as the independent variable. a) time spent practising free throws, free-throw scoring percent b) aptitude for physics, aptitude for chemistry c) amount of traffic congestion, number of accidents d) price of milk, crime rate 2. For each pair of variables, identify a possible common-cause factor that could account for a positive linear correlation. a) ice cream sales, corn harvest b) number of traffic accidents, number of traffic violations c) confidence level facing a final exam, final exam score d) endurance on the tennis court, tennis skill3. a) Explain the difference between an experimental and control group. b) Why are these groups important in research studies? 4. a) Explain why a strong correlation does not necessarily imply a cause-and-effect relationship. b) What is an extraneous variable? c) Explain why it is important to recognize and account for extraneous variables when examining correlational data. 5. A young musician has adopted a new practice method for working on scales. After trying the new method for a couple of days, she performs for a few members of her family. Each of them agrees that the new method has produced better results. a) Does this imply that the musician should adopt the new method? Explain. b) Identify any possible extraneous variables. c) Describe a better way of testing the effectiveness of the new practice method