1. Identify the type of observational study (cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective) described below. A research company uses a device to record the viewing habits of about 10,000 households, and the data collected today will be used to determine the proportion of households tuned to a particular sports program. Which type of observational study is described in the problem statement? O A cross-sectional study O A retrospective study O A prospective study 2. A study of an association between which ear is used for cell phone calls and whether the subject is left-handed or right-handed began with a survey e-mailed to 5000 people belonging to an otology online group, and 717 surveys were returned. (Otology relates to the ear and hearing.) What percentage of the 5000 surveys were returned? Does that response rate appear to be low? In general, what is a problem with a very low response rate? Of the 5000 surveys, 14 % were returned. This response rate (Round to the nearest whole number as needed.) appears to be low. In general, what is a problem with a very low response rate? A. It creates a serious potential for confounding which creates a serious potential for erroneous conclusions. B. It indicates that the study is unimportant and that the researchers should move on to other studies. O C. It indicates a lack of blinding which creates a serious potential for getting a biased sample. O D. It creates a serious potential for getting a biased sample that consists of those with a special interest in the topic 3. Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. A sample of 2252 men showed that 87% go to school. Choose the correct answer below. O A. The value is a statistic because it is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. O B. The value is a parameter because it is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. O C. The value is a parameter because it is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample. O D. The value is a statistic because it is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample. 4.Identify the level of measurement of the data, and explain what is wrong with the given calculation. In a survey, the political parties of respondents are identified as 10 for a Democrat, 20 for a Republican, 30 for a Libertarian, and 40 for anything else. The average (mean) is calculated for 565 respondents and the result is 22.3. The data are at the nominal level of measurement. What is wrong with the given calculation? O A. Such data are not counts or measures of anything, so it makes no sense to compute their average (mean) O B. Such data are not counts or measures of anything, so the average (mean) needs to be computed in a different way. O C. The true average (mean) is 19.5. O D. There is nothing wrong with the given calculation