1. If a statistical study uses confidentiality, what does this mean?

Choose the correct answer

A. The identities of the subjects are not known, even to the researchers. B. Information about individual subjects is never made public. C. The results and conclusions of the study are never made public. D. The study must be double-blind. E. Information about who paid for the study is never made public.

2. A random sample consisting of 1,502 adults was presented with a list of 11 different social media platforms and they were asked to indicate which of these platforms they have ever used. Based on what you see in the table below and what you know about different graphing methods, which one of the following statements is correct?

( Please use the table in the link for question 2, I sent you below)

Choose the correct answer

A. Since the table includes percentages, a pie chart would be an appropriate way to graph the data.

B. If a bar chart is used, the bars must be presented in order from smallest to largest.

C. If a bar chart is used, the bars must be presented in order from largest to smallest.

D. A pie chart cannot be used with this example because you can only use a pie chart when you have 10 or fewer categories.

E. Fewer than 450 of the individuals who were surveyed said they have ever used LinkedIn.

3. Return to Question 2. We would call type of social media platform a(n) ____________________ variable.

Choose the correct answer

A. explanatory B. categorical C. numerical D. quantitative E. lurking

4. Consider the following graph. The graph displays the percentage of unemployed workers in the United States, between the ages of 16 and 24 years, from July 2021 to July 2022. What can we conclude based on this graph?

(please use chart graph in the link for question 4, I sent you below)

Choose the correct answer

A. We should consider the overall trend to be "generally increasing," with a higher percentage of individuals unemployed in July

2022 compared to July 2021.

B. A larger percentage of individuals were unemployed in June 2022 compared to April 2022.

C. The graph was constructed incorrectly; the x-axis should have started with July 2022 and ended with July 2021.

D. The percentage of individuals who were unemployed in August 2021 is twice as big as the percentage of individuals who

were unemployed in June 2022.

E. Between May 2022 and June 2022, the percentage who were unemployed went down.

5. If a statistical study requires informed consent, this means that _______

Choose the correct answer

A. the nature of the study must be explained in advance to the subjects, who can then voluntarily agree to take part in the

study.

B. a review board must agree that the study is worthwhile and will not harm the subjects.

C. the authors of the study must agree to inform the public of the study results.

D. the authors of the study must inform a review board about the study and obtain the board's consent to go ahead.

E. subjects must inform at least one family member before agreeing to participate in the study.

6. OSU surveyed a sample of n = 6,942 undergraduate students who graduated during the 2021-22 academic year. They asked these students the following question: "Which one of the following best describes your primary post-graduation plans?" The responses given by the sample are included in the table below. Based on what you know about the sample and what you see in the table, what conclusion should you draw?

(Please use the table in the link for question 6, I sent you below)

Choose the correct answer

A. Although a pie chart could be used to graph this data, a bar graph would be inappropriate.

B. Because the sample size is larger than 1,000, it is appropriate to generalize the results of the study to all undergraduate students in the entire United States.

C. If a bar graph is constructed, the category "Other plans" should not be included because nobody ever cares about

categories labeled as "Other."

D. A line graph should be used to display the data from this table.

E. None of the above answers are correct conclusions to draw based on this information.

7. Mrs. Beran collects a lot of data from her middle school students. She is especially interested in the birthdays of her students because it's important to her to wish each student a "happy birthday" on their special day. Look carefully at the graph below. The graph was constructed based on data that Mrs. Beran gathered from all of her current students. Given what you see below and what you know about this data set, which one of the following answer options is correct?

(please use chart graph in the link for question 7, I sent you below)

Choose the correct answer

A. Birth month is a quantitative variable.

B. If we consider June, July, and August to be summer months, less than 25% of Mrs. Beran's students have birthdays during the summer.

C. Twice as many students have birthdays in October compared to February.

D. Without more information, it's impossible to know how many current students Mrs. Beran has.

E. None of the above answer options are correct.

8. A clinical trial is_____

Choose correct answer

A. any study performed in a medical clinic.

B. the review, by a court, of ethical violations in medical studies.

C. a practice experiment that is conducted before the real experiment.

D. an observational study held in a controlled, clinical environment.

E. an experiment to study the effectiveness of medical treatments on actual patients.

9. Which one of the following statements is false?

Choose the correct answer

A. A line graph is used to display change over time.

B. When constructing a bar graph, the bars should be made equally wide so as not to mislead the reader of the graph.

C. The percentages in a pie chart should sum to100%.

D. When constructing a bar graph, there should be no more than five bars in the graph.

E. Categorial data is displayed in a pie chart.

10. What is the purpose of an institutional review board?

Choose the correct answer

A. To make sure a proposed study is scientifically interesting.

B. To decide whether a proposed study will have some benefit to society.

C. To protect the rights of subject recruited to participate in a proposed study.

D. To determine if a proposed study will use good statistical techniques to analyze data.

E. All of the above are purposes of an institutional review board.