1. In a certain men's track and field event, the shotput has a mass of 7.50 kg and is released with a speed of 14.0 m/s at 35.0 above the horizontal over a man's straight left leg. a) What is the initial horizontal component of the momentum of this shotput? Express your answer in kilogram meters per second. b) What is the initial vertical component of the momentum of this shotput? Express your answer in kilogram meters per second.

2. A baseball has mass 0.145 kg. a) If the velocity of a pitched ball has a magnitude of 43.5 m/s and the batted ball's velocity is 55.0 m/s in the opposite direction, find the magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball and of the impulse applied to it by the bat. Express your answer with the appropriate units. b) If the ball remains in contact with the bat for 2.10 ms , find the magnitude of the average force applied by the bat. Express your answer with the appropriate units.

3. Squids and octopuses propel themselves by expelling water. They do it by keeping water in a cavity and then suddenly contracting the cavity to force out the water through an opening. A 7.50 kg squid (including the water in the cavity) at rest suddenly sees a dangerous predator. a) If the squid has 1.65 kg of water in its cavity, at what speed must it expel this water to instantaneously achieve a speed of 2.70 m/s to escape the predator? Neglect any drag effects of the surrounding water. Express your answer in meters per second. b) How much kinetic energy does the squid create by this maneuver? Express your answer in joules.

4. When cars are equipped with flexible bumpers, they will bounce off each other during low-speed collisions, thus causing less damage. In one such accident, a 1650 kg car traveling to the right at 1.40 m/s collides with a 1350 kg car going to the left at 1.10 m/s. Measurements show that the heavier car's speed just after the collision was 0.250 m/s in its original direction. You can ignore any road friction during the collision. a) What was the speed of the lighter car just after the collision? Express your answer in meters per second to three significant figures. b) Calculate the change in the combined kinetic energy of the two-car system during this collision. Express your answer in joules to three significant figures.