1. In the author's view, the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, is ____.
Select one:
a.likely to unleash a new tool of corporate and wealthy-individual influence
b.unlikely to create a novel form of villain in light of the past two decades of campaign and issue-ad contributions
c.unlikely to spawn powerful negative advertising campaigns targeting Democratic issues and candidates
d.likely to provide full employment for lobbyists who will direct Super PAC spending

2. In the author's view, what is the best method of cost control?
Select one:
a.a fee schedule determined annually by the government
b.fees arising from many different payers negotiating with different groups of providers
c.high enough co-pays to reduce the volume and expense of care sought
d.fees set by the government or a cartel of payers negotiating with all providers

3. Of the following methods of affecting policy debates, which did the lobbyists that the author observed and interviewed rank as the least important?
Select one:
a. researching issues
b.direct lobbying
c.PAC and soft-money donations
d.media interviews

3. The privacy rights of families ____.
Select one:
a.may be over-ridden if parents refuse life-saving medical treatment for their child
b.are paramount to the concerns of all health and welfare providers
c.may be over-ridden to enforce standard immunization schedules
d.are always a balance of parental authority versus state interests

4. What do the authors recommend as a first step?
Select one:
a.an international summit on environmental health, including public health and environmental protection experts and grassroots communities
b.a reorientation of the environmental health movement towards urban areas rather than wilderness areas
c.the creation of a new super-agency to address environmental health issues along the lines of the Department of Homeland Security
d.a national summit on environmental health, including public health and environmental protection experts and grassroots communities


5. The author states that "When need is the allocative principle at work, the pressure to ration non-urgent care, particularly surgical interventions, becomes more intense." What does she trace this back to?

Select one:

a.the lack of physicians willing to practice in less densely populated or more remote areas

 b.the tendency of medical students to opt for specialties over primary care

 c.the change in federal government funding from reimbursement to global budgets

 d.the shift from not-for-profit to for-profit hospitals