1. In the population of senior students at Shermer High School, the proportion who plan to attend college is 0.64. In a random sample of 100 students from this population, the proportion who plan to attend college is 0.75. We would call the value 0.64 a

A. P-value. B. z-score. C. parameter. D. statistic. E. significance level.

2. You conduct a hypothesis test. Assuming you have made no errors in your calculations, what should we conclude if the test statistic ends up being positive?

a. The claimed population proportion must be large.

b. The sample proportion is larger than (or greater than) the claimed population proportion.

c. The sample proportion is smaller than (or less than) the claimed population proportion.

d. The sample size must be large.

e. The claimed population proportion must be small.

3. It is claimed that 3% of professional golfers are left-handed. Believing this claimed value is incorrect, a researcher surveys a large random sample of professional golfers and finds that the percentage who are left-handed is 4%. When a hypothesis test is conducted at a significance (or alpha) level of 0.05, the P-value is found to be 0.01. What decision should the researcher make based on the results of the hypothesis test?

a. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.03 is less than 0.05.

b. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.04 is less than 0.05.

c. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.01 is less than 0.03.

d. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.01 is less than 0.05.

e. The null hypothesis should not be rejected.

4. A political scientist claims that 38% of first-year college students characterize themselves as being "moderate" or "middle of the road" as far as their political affiliation is concerned. Believing this claimed value is too low, you survey a random sample of 500 first-year college students and find that 225 characterize themselves as being "moderate" or "middle of the road." If a hypothesis test is conducted, what will the P-value be?

a. Less than 0.01

b. Larger than 0.10

c. Between 0.01 and 0.05

d. Between 0.05 and 0.10

e. There is not enough information available in the problem to determine the P-value.

5. It is claimed that the proportion of OSU students who belong to a fraternity or a sorority is 0.15. A college administrator has some reason to question this claim, and she gathers data from a random sample of 200 students in order to test H_o: p = 0.15 against H_a: p ? 0.15.If the resulting test statistic is 0.9, what will the P-value be?

a. 0.8159

b. 0.1841

c. 0.0180

d. 0.0090

e. 0.3682

6. If we say the results of a hypothesis test are________________________, this means they are unlikely to occur just by chance alone; if we say the results of a hypothesis test are ____________________, this means they have important implications.

a. critical; useful

b. replicable; dependable

c. practically significant; statistically significant

d. statistically significant; practically significant

e. credible; significant

7. It is claimed that the proportion of high school athletes who go on to play sports in college is 0.10. Believing this claimed value is too high, a researcher gathers data from a random sample of former high school athletes in order to conduct a hypothesis test, and the resulting P-value is 0.02. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this P-value?

a. The probability that the null hypothesis is true is 0.02.

b. The probability that a randomly chosen high school athlete will go on to play sports in college is 0.02.

c. Because the P-value is small, this means we cannot rule out the null hypothesis as a reasonable explanation of the data.

d. If we assume to begin with that the null hypothesis is true, the probability of obtaining a sample result as extreme or more extreme than the one observed is 0.02.

e. The probability that the null hypothesis is false is 0.02.

8. Is purple your favorite color? It's claimed that in the population, the proportion of adults who favor the color purple is 0.24. You believe the true population proportion is different than 0.24. After surveying a random sample of 400 adults, you find that the proportion in your sample who pick purple as a favorite color is 0.19. Based on this information, which one of the following statements is correct?

a. If a hypothesis test is conducted, the P-value will be larger than 0.10.

b. If a hypothesis test is conducted, the test statistic will be positive.

c. The null hypothesis will be rejected at a significance level of 0.05.

d. The alternative hypothesis should be H_a:p > 0.24.

e. The value of 0.19 is a parameter.

9. A claim is made that 85% of college students own a smartphone. Natalie believes that a larger percentage of college students own smartphones. She surveys a random sample of 150 college students, and she finds that 135 of these students own a smartphone. The calculations Natalie engaged in to determine the test statistic are shown below. What is wrong with these calculations?