1. In your Excel spreadsheet, create a sheet entitled "8 Atoms". In this sheet, you will create sections labeled according to the heading 2 labels on the Canvas page you are creating and then make subsections corresponding to the number of each question (1, 2, etc.). Use this sheet to make any calculations you need, taking care to write out each given value (and its units) in its own row and then the calculated quantity (and units) in its own row. 2. In your individual Canvas group, create a page entitled "Speed of Atoms". 3. Create a heading 2 "Ideal Gas", and below, in a numbered list, give and explain the answer to the following questions: 1. Large helium-filled balloons are used to lift scientific equipment to high altitudes. (a) What is the pressure inside such a balloon if it starts out at sea level with a temperature of 10.0 .C and rises to an altitude where its volume is twenty times the original volume and its temperature is -50.0 .C? (b) What is the gauge pressure? (Assume atmospheric pressure is constant.) Include a diagram of the balloon and its internal gas properties with a symbolic equation solved for the quantity of interest. 2. An airplane passenger has 100 cm' of air in his stomach just before the plane takes off from a sea-level airport. What volume will the air have at cruising altitude if cabin pressure drops to 7.50 x 104 N/m? 3. (a) What is the gauge pressure in a 25.0C car tire containing 3.60 mol of gas in a 30.0 L volume? (b) What will its gauge pressure be if you add 1.00 L of gas originally at atmospheric pressure and 25.0.C? Assume the temperature returns to 25.0 Cand the volume remains constant. 4. Create a Heading 2 "Kinetic Theory" and, below in a numbered list, give and explain the answer to the following questions: 1. Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon gas. What is Urms for argon atoms near the filament, assuming their temperature is 2500 K? 2. For an object to escape Earth's gravitational pull, it needs to have a velocity that makes its kinetic energy exceed the gravitational potential energy the object has at Earth's surface. 1. Set the equation for the kinetic energy of an object of mass m equal to the gravitational potential energy that objects experience at Earth's surface (a distance R from Earth's center of mass) where Earth has a mass of M and solve for the velocity v when these two are equal. 2. Use the values of the mass and radius of Earth together with the universal gravitational constant to find the escape velocity of an object from Earth. 3. Now use kinetic theory to calculate at what temperature would oxygen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 32.0 g/mol) have an average velocity Urms equal to Earth's escape velocity of 11.1 km/s? 4. NOTE Include a diagram with Earth and disk-like atoms in the atmosphere around it together with a symbolic equation solved for the root-mean-square velocity in terms of the properties of Earth above (the diagram will definitely not be to scale: if you don't believe, take the radius of Earth and divide by the radius of an oxygen molecule 1.73 x10-10m to get an idea). 3. Calculate the escape velocity of the Moon using the same formula found above but inserting the Moon's radius and mass. At what temperature would hydrogen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity Urms equal to the Moon's escape velocity? Given that the temperature of the surface of the Moon can reach 127 .C and that hydrogen is the lightest gas in the universe, what does this imply about the existence of an atmosphere on the Moon
