1. Indicate which of the following conditions must be satisfied if a cartel is to be successful:

a. members must all have the same production quota.

b. demand for the product must be elastic.

c. there must be a way of enforcing prices and quotas on the members of the cartel.

d. the cartel must produce 100% of the product.

2. The Meiji reforms in Japan

a. refer to the introduction of democracy

b. involved the introduction of economic reforms by an authoritarian government

c. involved the introduction of economic reforms by a democratic government

d. were introduced in order to raise the standard of living of Japanese peasants

3. The "Arab Spring" was largely caused by

a. a decline in education standards in Arab countries, information technology, and an increase in unemployment.

b. decreased access to education in Arab countries, rising unemployment, and information technology.

c. attempts by governments to shut down the internet, a rise in low wage employment, and increased political repression.

d. increased access to education, information technology, and an increase in unemployment.

4. Which of the following isnota criticism of "modernization theories"

a. they are ethnocentric.

b. they argue that any systems other than western, market-based systems are obstacles to progress.

c. they emphasize neo-colonialism but neglect the role of colonialism.

d. they ignore conflicts of interest between rich and poor countries.

5. Which of the following is false:

a. The Gini coefficient always has a value between 0 and 1.

b. The Gini coefficient is lower for Latin America than it is for the non-oil producingArab countries

c. The Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality.

d. The Gini coefficient is higher for low income countries than for high income countries