1. Irma Marie, as many investors, is a risk averse investor. Her investment- utility function defined by the equation below.

U=Er-12A2

You are studying how Irma has changed her utility function before and after market events. You are looking at the Tech bubble, the Credit Crisis and the Covid 19.

Required:

a. Replace in the equation above the value of the parameters you assume Maria had right before and after the impact of the crisis on U.S. the stock market. Justify your assumptions.

b. As an expert and with perfect hindsight, what would have been the value of the parameters you had recommended to use? Why?