1. Kosum's younger brother recently ordered an air horn in the mail. He likes to use it when Kosum is studying, and the loud noise always startles her. Recently, Kosum has noticed that other loud noises, such as doors slamming or train whistles, also startle her more than usual. What concept can be used to explain Kosum's reactions?

Adaptation

Discrimination

Generalization

Observational learning

2. Ling is listening to her favorite radio station. As she listens, they offer a limited-time giveaway for concert tickets. Ling immediately calls the station to enter the giveaway, but she gets a busy signal. Two minutes later, she tries to call again but finds she has already forgotten the station's number! This example illustrates the limited duration of which aspect of memory?

Implicit memory

Explicit memory

Sensory memory

Short-term memory

3. Tamara is asked by to rate the dangers of air travel on a scale from 1 (not dangerous) to 10 (very dangerous). Tamara immediately remembers the story about a plane crash last week and ends up rating air travel as a 9. Tamara's rating best illustrates ______________.

the availability heuristic

inductive reasoning

analogical reasoning

the representativeness heuristic

4. You are trying to remember terms and definitions for an upcoming test. You decide the best method to use is to relate the terms to each other, come up with examples of how they might apply to real life, and relate the information to other coursework you completed in the past. Which type of rehearsal are you using?

Condensed rehearsal

Permanent rehearsal

Elaborative rehearsal

Maintenance rehearsal

5. Josh knows from his psychology class that there are several different types of reinforcement schedules to increase behavior, some more effective than others. When training his new puppy, Josh decides to try a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement to encourage the puppy to learn to roll over. How often should Josh give his puppy a treat according to the reinforcement schedule that he chose?

After every single time the puppy rolls over.

After a random number of times the puppy rolls over.

After every other day the puppy rolls over.

After every other time the puppy rolls over.