1 L1 I-Cache 32B 32 KB L2 Main CPU Cache memory 256 KB 8 GB LI D-Cache 32B 32 KB Access time Access time: Access time 1 nanosecond 4 nanosecond 100 nanosecond Figure 1 Figure 1 illustrates a Pentium processor memory hierarchy. The Pentium processor features two caches, L1 and L2. Both caches use a 32-byte block size. Li is located next to the CPU, whereas L2 is located between the processor and the main memory. Similar to other types of processors, the L1 cache is really two caches. The Pentium divides the L1 cache into a cache for instructions (called the I-cache) and a cache for data (called the D-cache). Rajah 1 menunjukkan hirarki ingatan Pentium pemproses. Pemproses Pentium mempunyai dua cache, L1 dan L2. Kedua-dua cache menggunakan saiz blok 32-bait. L1 terletak di sebelah CPU, manakala L2 terletak di antara pemproses dan ingatan utama. Sama seperti jenis pemproses lain, cache L1 sebenarnya terdiri dari dua cache. Pentium membahagikan cache Li kepada cache untuk arahan (dipanggil I-cache) dan cache untuk data (dipanggil D-cache). a. Discuss the memory components shown in Figure 1 and their relationship between access time, memory cost, and capacity of the memory hierarchy in the Pentium processor. a. Bincangkan komponen ingatan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1 dan hubungannya antara masa capaian, kos memori dan kapasiti hierarki ingatan dalam pemproses Pentium. (15 marks) b. Based on Figure 1, explain how L1 and L2 cache able to reduce the processor's access time to the main memory. b. Berdasarkan Rajah 1, terangkan bagaimana ingatan cache li dan L2 dapat mengurangkan masa capaian pemproses ke memori utama. (1 marks)