1. Leonardo, who is married but files separately, earns $80,000 of taxable income. He also has $15,000 in city of Tulsa bonds. His wife, Theresa, earns $50,000 of taxable income. a. If Leonardo and his wife file married filing jointly in 2021 , what would be their average tax rate? b. If Leonardo and his wife are married filing jointly in 2021 , what is Leonardo and Theresa's effective tax rate for 2021? c. If Leonardo earned an additional $30,000 of taxable income this year, what would be the marginal tax rate on the extra income for 2021? d. If Leonardo instead had $30,000 of additional tax deductions for 2021 , what would his marginal tax rate on the deductions be? \begin{tabular}{lcc} \multicolumn{3}{c}{ Standard Deductions } \\ Married Filing Jointly & $ & 25,100 \\ Qualifying Widow or Widower & $ & 25,100 \\ Married Filing Separately & $ & 12,550 \\ Head of Household & $ & 18,800 \end{tabular}