1. Major influences of competitors, costs, and customers on pricing decisions are factors of (a) supply and demand (b) activity-based costing and activity-based management (c) key management themes that are important to managers attaining success in their planning and control decisions (d) the value-chain concept 2. Short-run pricing decisions include (a) pricing a main product in a major market (b) adjusting product mix and volume in a competitive market while maintaining a stable price if demand fluctuates from strong to weak (c) pricing for a special order with no long-term implications (d) considering all costs in the value-chain of business functions 3. Pritchard Company manufactures a product that has a variable cost of $30 per unit. Fixed costs total $1,500,000, allocated on the basis of the number of units produced. Selling price is computed by adding a 20% markup to full cost. How much should the selling price be per unit for 300,000 units? (a) $35 (b) $42 (c) $43.75 (d) $49 4. The first step in implementing target pricing and target costing is (a) performing value engineering (b) determining a target cost (c) choosing a target price (d) developing a product that satisfies needs of potential customers 5. The best opportunity for cost reduction is (a) during the distribution phase of the value chain (b) during the manufacturing phase of the value chain (c) during the product/process design phase of the value chain (d) during the marketing phase of the value chain 6. Managers prefer full product cost as the base in their pricing decisions. Which is NOT an advantage to the use of full product costs for pricing? (a) arbitrary allocation of fixed costs to products (b) simplicity (c) full recovery of all costs of the product (d) price stability The following data apply to questions 7 and 8: Each month, Haddon Company has $275,000 total manufacturing costs (20% fixed) and $125,000 distribution and marketing costs (36% fixed). Haddon's monthly sales are $500,000. 7. The markup percentage on full cost to arrive at the target (existing) selling price is (a) 80% (b) 75% (c) 25% (d) 20% 8. The markup percentage on variable costs to arrive at the existing (target) selling price is (a) 80% (b) 66.6% (c) 40% (d) 20% 9. An example of a quantitative factor for the decision-making process is: (a) customer satisfaction (b) employee morale (c) product quality (d) manufacturing overhead 10. Which of these do antitrust laws on pricing NOT cover? (a) collusive pricing (b) dumping (c) predatory pricing (d) peak-load pricing 11. Major influences of competitors, costs, and customers on pricing decisions are factors of (a) supply and demand (b) activity-based costing and activity-based management (c) key management themes that are important to managers attaining success in their planning and control decisions (d) the value-chain concept 12. Short-run pricing decisions include (a) pricing a main product in a major market (b) adjusting product mix and volume in a competitive market while maintaining a stable price if demand fluctuates from strong to weak (c) pricing for a special order with no long-term implications (d) considering all costs in the value-chain of business functions 13. Pritchard Company manufactures a product that has a variable cost of $30 per unit. Fixed costs total $1,500,000, allocated on the basis of the number of units produced. Selling price is computed by adding a 20% markup to full cost. How much should the selling price be per unit for 300,000 units? (a) $35 (b) $42 (c) $43.75 (d) $49 14. The first step in implementing target pricing and target costing is (a) performing value engineering (b) determining a target cost (c) choosing a target price (d) developing a product that satisfies needs of potential customers 15. The best opportunity for cost reduction is (a) during the distribution phase of the value chain (b) during the manufacturing phase of the value chain (c) during the product/process design phase of the value chain (d) during the marketing phase of the value chain 16. Managers prefer full product cost as the base in their pricing decisions. Which is NOT an advantage to the use of full product costs for pricing? (a) arbitrary allocation of fixed costs to products (b) simplicity (c) full recovery of all costs of the product (d) price stability The following data apply to questions 7 and 8: Each month, Haddon Company has $275,000 total manufacturing costs (20% fixed) and $125,000 distribution and marketing costs (36% fixed). Haddon's monthly sales are $500,000. 17. The markup percentage on full cost to arrive at the target (existing) selling price is (a) 80% (b) 75% (c) 25% (d) 20% 18. The markup percentage on variable costs to arrive at the existing (target) selling price is (a) 80% (b) 66.6% (c) 40% (d) 20% 19. An example of a quantitative factor for the decision-making process is: (a) customer satisfaction (b) employee morale (c) product quality (d) manufacturing overhead 20. Which of these do antitrust laws on pricing NOT cover? (a) collusive pricing (b) dumping (c) predatory pricing (d) peak-load pricing