1. Morecambe and Wise are fictitious EU Member States. A Wise law requires a fee of 25 to be paid for every cow that is commercially slaughtered and subjected to meat inspection in Wise. This fee is paid into a fund for the promotion of Wise agricultural products. Vore is a Morecambe company which exports cows to Wise for slaughter there. It considers the fee to be incompatible with EU law.

In order to protect consumers in Wise, another Wise law prohibits the sale of beef by unregistered butchers except within 5 miles of the place of slaughter. Wogan, a Morecambe supermarket chain with stores throughout Wise, objects to this restriction on the sale of beef.

Advise Vore and Wogan as to any rights they may have under EU law.

2. A directive adopted in 2012 requires 'the owners of dogs weighing more than15 kilos to insure themselves against the risk that their dogs might cause injury to persons or property.' The deadline for implementing the directive expired in 2016, but no legislation to give effect to the directive has beenadopted by Carne (a fictional Member State). The government of Carne considered new legislation to be unnecessary because a statute adopted in 2008 already requires 'the owners of pet dogs to take out insurance against the risk of injury to third parties.'

Last month, Gurpreet was savaged by a large Alsatian dog which had attacked her. Labradoodle while she was walking with it in Cannon Hill Park. The Labradoodle was killed and Gurpreet suffered extensive injuries. The Alsatian dog is owned by a security firm which provides services to commercial enterprises and a number of government departments. When Gurpreet complains to the security firm, she is told that the 2008 legislation is confined to pet dogs.

Advise Gurpreet as to her rights under EU law.