$1.$ Mrs$.$ Jones owns $55\%$ of the shares of Jones Consulting Ltd$.$ and $40\%$ of the shares of White Enterprises Ltd$.$ The remaining $45\%$ of the shares of Jones Consulting Ltd$.$ are owned by Mr$.$ Allard, who is not related to Mrs$.$ Jones, while the remaining $60\%$ of the shares of White Enterprises Ltd$.$ are owned by the sister and brother of Mrs$.$ Jones. Are Jones Consulting Ltd$.$ and White Enterprises Ltd$.$ associated corporations pursuant to ITA $256?$

$2.$ Mr$.$ Andrew Fit and Mr$.$ James Jack are friends, who studied together while at university. Andrew Fit owns $90\%$ of the shares of Fit Fitness Ltd$.$ and $10\%$ of Jack Physio Ltd$.$ James Jack owns $90\%$ of the shares of Jack Physio Ltd$.$ and $10\%$ of Fit Fitness Ltd$.$ Are Fit Fitness Ltd$.$ and Jack Physio Ltd$.$ associated corporations pursuant to ITA $256?$

$3.$ Jackson Ltd$.$ owns $80\%$ of the outstanding common shares of Black Ltd$.$ and Black Ltd$.$ own $70\%$ of the outstanding common shares of White Ltd$.$ Are Jackson Ltd$.$ and Black Ltd$.$ associated corporations? Are Black Ltd$.$ and White Ltd$.$ associated corporations? Are Jackson Ltd$.$ and White Ltd$.$ associated corporations? Explain how ITA $256$ applies to this type of situation where we are examining if three corporations, Jackson Ltd$.,$ Black Ltd$.$ and White Ltd$.,$ are associated.

$4.$ Ms$.$ Didsbury owns $90\%$ of the shares of Didsbury Widgets Ltd$.$ and $10\%$ of Barrow Enterprises Ltd$.$ Her $17$ year old daughter owns $40\%$ of the shares of Barrow Enterprises Ltd$.$ Ms$.$ Didsbury also holds an option to purchase an additional $10\%$ of the shares in Barrow Enterprises Ltd$.$ from an unrelated shareholder. Are Didsbury Widgets Ltd$.$ and Barrow Enterprises Ltd$.$ associated corporations?

$5.$ Ms$.$ X owns $100\%$ of the outstanding common shares of X Ltd$.$ Her husband Mr$.$ Y owns $100\%$ of the outstanding common shares of Y Ltd$.$ Are X Ltd$.$ and Y Ltd$.$ associated corporations?

Part $2.$ Answer the following independent questions:

$$ What are the tax implications if any two corporations are associated, in any of the five above scenarios?

$$ What are the tax implications if all three corporations are associated in scenario #$3$ above?