1. Nmap was written by Gordon Lyon, what is his nickname?

2. By default, Nmap does not send probes to all ports. Nmap checks only the top _____ frequently used ports that are specified in the nmap-services file.

3. John the Ripper is a tool that can be used to crack password hashes. Currently, it can crack more than 40 password hash types, such as DES, MD5, LM, NT, crypt, NETLM, and NETNTLM. If a GUI is more your thing, theres a graphical interface for John and its called _____.

4. The _____ utility comes with John the Ripper and combines /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files into one combined file suitable for John the Ripper to crack.

5. John supports the following four password-cracking modes: _____, Single-crack, Incremental and External.