1. Not all disputes end up in a

2. In , parties

CHAPTER 5 . Litigation and Alternatives for Settling Civil Disputes 121 are settled. Based on its commercial success thus far, it would appear that ODR ectronic Filing is proving to be an advantageous forum for a number of disputants. Electronic court filing amounts to automated transmission of legal documents from an attorney to a court (or vice versa), from one attorney to another, or from any user of legal documents to other users. There are some technical specifications that provide for some standardization among those involved in the electronic filing of court documents. Courts around the country are getting in on e-commerce. Nearly all federal courts have implemented an electronic filing system, and over half the states have some form of electronic filing. And why not? With a vast ma- jority of lawyers online, it is only natural for courts to accept e-filed documents and to respond to them online. Already, court clerks, judges, and attorneys in some courts are accessing the full text of pleadings (complaint and answer taken together in a civil lawsuit) over the Internet. Some bankruptcy courts in New York and Cal- ifornia have a substantial number of their case files wholly filed electronically. The explosion of noncourt e-filing has also smoothed the way. It follows a cultural shift because millions of consumers and businesses pay their bills online, make plane reservations online, do their banking online, and so on. So why not do court busi- ness online? E-filing plays a major role in streamlining the litigation process in the courts and in most cases is a cost savings to law firms, the courts, and clients. Another way courts have adapted to the online world is to establish Web sites. What is placed on a court's Web site will be decided by the court. Some of the information you might find is the names and phone numbers of judges and other court personnel and their job titles, decided cases by the court with the court's opinion, useful legal forms, information about pending trials, and your status as a juror on call. Fill in the blanks to complete each statement. 1. Not all disputes need end up in a 2. In _, parties submit their dispute to one or more impartial persons. 3. Many courts around the country are involved in filing. the decision of the trial court to a 5.2 SELFCHECK 4. The party who loses the lawsuit can higher court. 5. The private trial approach to settling a dispute is based on the concept. sivoM Ensure sidi boasdoing dinsoon ablonysil Is19vse bris baninU isch gnibasinoo honmogro.) ds sivom of borgmom yellsgalli eisnwo i esivom nut-deal Chapter ot be resolved informally by the several stages: (1) summons, complaint, answer; (2) pre- ugh agreement and compromise, trial proceedings, including motion, summary judgment, urt. Settlement by litigation-a discovery, pretrial conference; (3) jury selection; (4) trial; me-consuming, and emotionally and (5) posttrial proceedings, specifically appeal. The e of the court trial is uncertain. time, trouble, frustrations, and expense associated with trials have led individuals and businesses to resort to al- hods are arbitration and mediation. ussing their options with an at- ternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods. The most sued may be judgment proof