1. N.P. suffers from severe aortic stenosis that greatly restricts the flow of blood from the to the that at times has caused syncope upon exertion. a) Why does severe aortic stenosis cause syncope upon exertion? b) How would severe aortic stenosis affect intra-ventricular and intra-atrial pressures? a) increase b) decrease c) no change c) How would severe aortic stenosis affect the levels of ANP and BNP? a) increase b) decrease c) no change 2) In normal individuals, ~65% of the blood in the left ventricle is pumped out with each beat (left ventricle ejection fraction or LVEF). R.C. suffered a heart attack and now has an LVEF of 40%. a) How would this decrease in ejection fraction affect his heart's workload? a) increase b) decrease c) no change b) How would this decrease in ejection fraction affect interventricular pressure? and a) increase b) decrease c) no change c) How would this decrease in ejection fraction affect levels of ANP and BNP? a) increase b) decrease c) no change 3) What is ANP and BNP's effect on the blood vessels? 4) What is ANP and BNP's affect on blood volume and urine output?