1) of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird? A) bones in the hind limb of a kangaroo C) bony rays in the tail fin of a flying fish B) chitinous struts in the wing of a butterfly D) bones in the flipper of a whale 2) Which of the following statements best explains why modification or change in an organ or tissue during the lifetime of an individual is not inherited? A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's Ife are generally not passed on through genes. B) Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits. C) Only favorable adaptations have survival value. D) Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance. 3) Which statement illustrates the connection between natural selection and over-reproduction of a population? A) Populations vary in their inherited traits. B) Species produce more offspring than can survive in the environment. C) Individuals with inherited traits that promote survival tend to have more surviving offspring. D) Individuals with traits that do not enhance survival cannot reproduce. 4) Darwin used the phrase "descent with modification to explain A) unity of life C) that habitat differences stimulate change in organisms D) evolution of the unity and diversity of life B) descent of all organisms from a single, ancient ancestor 5) Which of the following statements describe evolution? A) Individuals evolve in response to their environment. B) Quick changes occur in an individual's phenotype. C) The match between organism and their environment decreases. D) Natural selection chooses the most popular trait. 6) Which one of the following observations did Darwin first make during his discovery of evolution? A) The ability of individuals to survive and reproduce is not equal. B) There is variation in inherited traits. C) Individuals who reproduce more leave more offspring. D) The unequal ability to reproduce leads to the accumulation of favorable traits in a population. 7) It has been observed that organisms on islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. This is taken as evidence that A) island forms are descended from mainland forms B) common environments are inhabited by the same organisms C) island forms and mainland forms have identical gene pools D) the island forms and mainland forms are converging 8) Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based? A) There is heritable variation among individuals. C) Species produce more offspring than the environment can support. B) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. D) Only a fraction of an individual's offspring may survive. 9) DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have prevented this evolution of DDT resistance in insect pests? A) All habitats should have received applications of DDT at about the same time. A) comparative embryology B) The frequency of DDT application should have been higher. C) None of the insect pests would have genetic variations that resulted in DDT resistance. D) DDT application should have been continual. 10) What would be the best technique for determining the evolutionary relationships among several closely related species, each of which still contains living members? B) comparative anatomy C) DNA or RNA analysis D) examining the fossil record