$1.$ Of the statements below, only one is an argument. The others are non$-$arguments. Indicate which one of a$.$ to e$.$ is an argument:

a$.$ Some students do not attend all their class. For instance, Julian usually logs on to the class on critical thinking but then leaves halfway through to meet up with friends. Such behaviour is indicative of poor learning habits.

b$.$ Before accepting a part$-$time job, consider whether you have allowed sufficient spare time to prepare for your classes and tests, as the job may be too demanding on your energies.

c$.$ The roof is leaking. The roof is leaking because the wind has lifted a tile from the roof.

d$.$ Joshua did not do well in his programming subject because he did not attend many classes.

e$.$ Manpreet attends every programming class, takes notes of all important points, and regularly practices review questions based on what has been taught. We can conclude that Manpreet will probably get good marks in their programming subject.