1) Oil and Residuals Exercise 53 on page 194 (Chapter 3) examined data on the depth of small defects in the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline. Researchers compared the results of measurements on 100 defects made in the field with measurements of the same defects made in the laboratory. The figure below shows a residual plot for the least-squares regression line based on these data. Explain why the conditions for performing inference about the slope S of the population regression line are not met. 20 10 . . . Residual of field measurement .. ." -10 Laboratory 2) SAT Math scores In Chapter 3, we examined data on the percent of high school graduates in each state who took the SAT and the state's mean SAT Math score in a recent year. The figure below shows a residual plot for the least-squares regression line based on these data. Explain why the conditions for performing inference about the slope S of the population regression line are not met. Residual 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 9% grads taking SAT 4) Prey attracts predators Here is one way in which nature regulates the size of animal populations: high population density attracts predators, which remove a higher proportion of the population than when the density of the prey is low. One study looked at kelp perch and their common predatory, the kelp bass. The researcher set up four large circular pens on sandy ocean bottoms off the coast of southern California. He chose young perch at random from a large group and placed 10, 20, 40, and 60 perch in the four pens. Then he dropped the nets protecting the pens, allowing bass to swarm in, and counted the perch left after two hours