1. Plasmids are O able to replicate independently of the chromosome. small pieces of single stranded DNA or RNA. O small pieces of independently replicating linear DNA. O involved in the replication of all bacteria. O essential to the survival of all bacteria. 2. A recombinant organism is one that that contains genes from another organism. one that has donated genes to another organism. one that has no fixed species designation. one that has undergone a mutation