1. Question e,f,g

Construct a phrase structure tree for each of the following expressions:e. sent the man an email ly calle f. thought Sally hated Bob g. barked yesterdayPhrase Structure Function Rule S - NP VP allows VPs to combine with their subject NP to form a sentence NP - Det N allows determiners to combine with a noun to form an NP N - Adj N allows attributive adjectives to be noun adjuncts VP - VP Adv allows adverbs to be VP adjuncts VP - TV NP allows transitive verbs to combine with their object NP to form a VP VP - DTV NP NP allows ditransitive verbs to combine with their object NPs to form a VP VP - SV S allows sentential complement verbs to combine with their complement S to form a VP PP - PNP allows prepositions to combine with their complement NP to form a PP N - NPP allows PPs to be noun adjuncts VP - VP PP allows PPs to be VP adjunctsNow our grammar predicts that The uffy cat slept is a sentence, since we can construct the phrase structure tree in (8). (3) S A NP VP A | De! N slept l /\\ the Adj N uffy cat In this tree, as always, the forms of the lexical expressions are the leaves. The syntactic category names that occur right above the leaves represent the syntactic categories of lexical expressions, in accordance with the lexical entries. The tree also shows that the immediate constituents of this sentence are NP and VP (rule 4), that the immediate con- stituents of NP are Det and N (rule 6}, and that the immediate constituents of the higher occurrence of N in the tree are Adj and N (rule 7). Reading the leaves of this entire tree from left to right gives us the string The uffv cat slept, the form of the whole sentence whose structure this tree represents. Our grammar now predicts that Sally gave Bob this dog is a sentence, which we can repre- sent by means of the phrase structure tree in (10). (10) S NP VP Sally DTV NP NP gave Bob Det N this dogjsSyntax Tree sans-serif v 16 Color Auto subscript _ Triangles ) Align at bottom Phrase (labelled bracket notation) [S [NP Sally] [VP [TV likes] [NP linguistics ]] ] S NP1 VP Sally TV NP 2 likes linguisticsv1.11 jsSyntax Tree sans-serif |16 Color Auto subscript _ Triangles Align at bottom Phrase (labelled bracket notation) [S [NP [det the] [N [N woman] [PP [P with] [NP [det the] [N [Adj heavy] [N [Adi black] [N briefcase] ]]]]] ][VP [TV likes][NP [det. every ][N [Adj new] [N suggestion] ]]]] S NP1 VP NP 3 det1 N1 TV the N2 PP likes det3 V6 P NP2 every Adj3 N7 woman with det2 N3 new suggestion the Adj1 heavy Adj2 N5 black briefcaseThe website uses a text entry format based on the labelled bracket notation for hierarchical structures. l[In printed representations of labelled bracket notation, the labels are often subscripted to the brackets, but in the website this is both impossible and unnecessary.}Trees are another format for representing the same hierarchical structures, but trees are generally easier and quicker for humans to understand, but harder if not impossible to type directly into word processing programs. The website gives a quick and easy way to get trees into most word processing programs. Consider a simple structure that involves two pieces. In morphology, this might be a word with two morphemes in it. such as "arrival", In syntax. this might be a sentence with two words in it, such as "Chris spoke". In each of these, the two basic elements come together to form the complex unit. Consider "arrival" rst.This is built from the basic root "arrive" and the derivational sufx "al", which converts {certain} verbs to nouns. That is the basic idea, and a labelled bracketing or a tree can represent this structure in the word "arrival" The following is the labelled bracketing for this word: [N [V arrive] [sufx all] First, note that brackets come in pairs, an open bracket "[" and a close bracket "]". The open bracket has a "label" immediately following it without a space. There must be an equal number of open brackets and close brackets for the labelled bracketing notation to properly formed. Open the website in another tab or window, and copy/paste the labelled bracketing above into the provide textbox. and the tree representation should appear below it. Notice that each pair of brackets has been converted into a node, represented by the label of the open bracket. with a number of "branches" below it equal to the number of elements (words, pairs of brackets. whatever} that are between that open bracket and its corresponding close bracket. The tree can be copied, and pasted directly into a document. Try it. (Added based on a discussion thread:) When you have more than 2 morphemesfelements/units/phrases coming together, it is a simple process of adding pairs of brackets