$1-$Review the main steps for designing an embedded system.

$2-$Explain the following:

a$)$ Types Real Time Systems.

b$)$ Design metrics for Real Time Embedded Systems.

$3-$Explain the main differences between ASIP, FPGA, PLD and ASIC.

$4-$Define the processor technology and compare between single purpose processor, general purpose processor and application specific processor.

$5-$Identify the key differences between hard real$-$time, soft real$-$time and firm real$-$time systems. Give at least one example of real time tasks corresponding to these three categories. Identify the timing constraints in your tasks and justify why the tasks should be categorized into the categories you have indicated.

$6-$With the help of block diagram, explain the working of a typical embedded$/$concurrent system for controlling a plant using microcontroller. The components of the system are:

a$)$ Microcontroller,

b$)$ Sensors

c$)$ Actuators

d$)$ Data$/$Control bus

$7-$What is an Embedded system and what are its characteristics?

$8-$What are $3$ common design metrics for embedded systems?

$9-$Give three differences between RISC and CISC Architectures.

$10-$Find the following

a$-$The flags that are stored in the PSW

b$-$Which register holds the serial data interrupt bits TI and RI

c$-$Address of the stack when the $8051$ is reset

d$-$Number of registers banks and their address

e$-$Ports used for external memory access

f$-$Which port has no alternative functions

$11-$Write programs that will accomplish the desired tasks listed below, using as few lines of code as possible. Use only opcodes that have been covered in class. Comment on each line of code.

a$-$Place the number $3Bh$ in internal RAM locations $30h$ to $32h$

b$-$Copy the data at internal RAM location F$1$h to R$0$ and R$3$

c$-$Set the SP at the byte address just above the last working register address

d$-$Exchange the contents of the SP and the PSW

f$-$Copy the byte at internal RAM address $27h$ to external RAM address $27h$

e$-$Copy the content of DPTR to registers R$0($DPL$)$ and R$1($DPH$)$

j$-$Copy the data in external RAM location $0123h$ to TL$0$ and the data in external RAM location $01234$h to TH$0$

h$-$Copy the data in internal RAM locations $12h$ to $15h$ to internal RAM locations $20h$ to $23h$; copy $12h$ to $20h,13h$ to $21h,$ etc..

i$-$Set the SP register to $07h$ and PUSH the SP register on the stack; predict what number is PUSHED to address $08h$

g$-$Exchange the content of the B register and external RAM address $02$CFh

k$-$Rotate the bytes in registers $R0$ to $R3$; copy the data in $R0$ to $R1,R1$ to $R2,R2$ to $R3$ and $R3$ to R$0$

l$-$Copy the external code byte at address $007Dh$ to the SP

m$-$Copy the data in register R$5$ to external RAM address $032Fh$

n$-$Copy the internal code byte at address $0300h$ to external RAM address $0300h$

o$-$Swap the bytes in TIMER $0$; put TL$0$ in TH$0$ and TH$0$ in TL$0$

p$-$Store DPTR in external RAM locations $0123$h $($DPL$)$ and $02$BCh $($DPH$)$

q$-$Exchange both low nibbles of registers R$0$ and R$1$; put the low nibble of R$0$ in R$1,$ and the low nibble of $R1$ in $R0$

r$-$Store the content of register R$3$ at the internal RAM address contained in R$2.($Be sure the address in R$2$ is legal$)$

s$-$Store the content of RAM location $20h$ at the address contained in RAM location $08h$

t$-$Store register A at the internal RAM location address in register A

u$-$Copy program bytes $0100h$ to $0102h$ to internal RAM locations $20h$ to $22h$

v$\_$Copy the data on the pins of port p$2$ to the port $2$ latch

w$-$PUSH the contents of the B register to TMOD

x$\_$Copy the contents of external code memory address $0040$h to IE

y$-$Show a set of XCH instructions executes faster then PUSH and POP when saving the contents of the A register $.$

$12-$Comment out the following assembly program and find the delay generated by TIMER $1$ on pin P$5\mathrm{.}2.$ Assume that the XTAL frequency is $11\mathrm{.}0592MHz.$

$13-$We want to create a square wave of $50\%$ duty cycle $($with equal portions high and low$)$ on the pin P$0\mathrm{.}3$ of the microcontroller $8051$ as shown in the following figure. Timer $0$ is used to generate the time delay. Write the corresponding assembly program. Assume XTAL $=11\mathrm{.}0592$MHz$.$