1. Show using rules of inferences whether these arguments are valid or not: 1.1 - "Somebody in this class enjoys whale watching. Every person who enjoys whale watching cares about ocean pollution. Therefore, there is a person in this class who cares about ocean pollution.". 1.2- Given: pr PT - (PV) Therefore: - 1.3 "She is a Math major or a Computer Science major." "If she does not know Discrete Mathematics, she is not a Math major." "If she knows Discrete Mathematics, she is smart." "She is not a Computer Science major." Therefore, "she is smart." 1.4 "It is not raining and it is not cold." "If it is not July, then it is rainy or cold." "If it is July or August, then it is rainy." Therefore: "It is rainy." 1.5 Consider the following argument, in the context of logic without quantifiers. "Ir Sasha understands Boolean algebra, then she will understand symbolic logic. If she understands symbolic logic and sets, then she will understand Q-logic. If she understands Q-logic and relations, then she will understand partial orderings. Sushe doesn't understand partial orderings. We conclude that she doesn't understand sets