1) Suppose the prevalence of prostate cancer in the general population aged 65 or older is 60%. Suppose it is also reported that among black men aged 65 or older, the prevalence of prostate cancer is 70%. From this given information, what can be said about having prostate cancer (event C) and being black (event B) in the population aged 65 or older?

A) The events are independent, because P(B and C) is equal to P(B) P(C).

B) The events are exhaustive, because P(C or B) = 1.

C) The events are mutually exclusive, because P(B and C) = 0.

D) The events are dependent, because P(C|B) is not equal to P(C).

2) Study the 2 x 2 table above which relates heartburn (GERD) and esophageal cancer (CANCER). Which of the following suggests that having CANCER is NOT independent (i.e., dependent) of having GERD?

I. 60/200 is not equal to 80/200 x 100/200

II. 60/100 is not equal to 80/200

III. 60/80 is not equal to 100/200

A) I, II and III

B) I only

C) II and III only

D) II only

3) When writing SAS code, cdf("bino",3,0.2,5) gives the same output as

A) cdf("bino",4,0.2,5) - pdf("bino",4,0.2,5)

B) cdf("bino",2,0.2,5) + pdf("bino",3,0.2,5)

C) All of these choices produce the same probability value.

D) pdf("bino",0,0.2,5) + pdf("bino",1,0.2,5) + pdf("bino",2,0.2,5) + pdf("bino",3,0.2,5)

4) Given: A and B are not null events. Which events are mutually exclusive?

A) Event 1: A\B, Event 2: B\A

B) Event 1: A & B, Event 2: A

C) Event 1: A, Event 2: A & B

D) Event 1: A & B, Event 2: A or B

5) Consider two events A and B, neither of which is the null event. If events A and B are independent, P(A|B) = P(A). Alternatively, P(B|A) = P(B). If A and B are mutually exclusive, what is P(A|B)?

A) P(A) + P(B)

B) P(A) P(B)

C) 0

D) 1

Esophageal Cancer and GERD Adenocarcinoma of Esophagus Yes No Yes 60 20 Heartburn once a week No 40 80 Esophageal Cancer and GERD Adenocarcinoma of Esophagus Yes No Yes 60 20 Heartburn once a week No 40 80