1. Suppose you are interested in studying, whether scent affect spatial reasoning abilities. You decide to test spatial reasoning using completion time scores for a paper-folding test with ve participants. You repeatedly test each person with three different scents; starting with cinnamon, then lavender, and nally, peppermint. Reported below are the time in minutes to complete the paper-folding test for each of the scents. m m m mm.- W m m l 3.4! 3.55 1.1!. I I In.\" I 3.34 lll 3.33 P - 10.5. C 3.1. 3.0! 3.7! P - ".20 D 335 0.2] 3.12 ' - In.\" I 3.5! 0.1.. 3.4! P - ILII Dr! I 195.779! T - ITJI T- IQAI T- 1'." a. Describe in detail the independent, control and dependent variables. b. State in words the null and research hypotheses. 0. Graph the data pattern. (1. Conduct the 4-steps in hypothesis testing that examines the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. e. Determine the pattern of signicant difference between/across treatments. f. What are the sources of Systematic Variance? Do any of these sources contribute to the time a participant takes in the paper-folding test? Explain your answer. g. If there is a threat to the internal validity of this study, what threat to do think is most likely? Explain your answer. h. Use SPSS to verify your calculations are correct. Turn in your data le and output le. Make sure that your variables are clearly identied in your data le. From the SPSS output le please circle and label the following: i. SSbetween treatments ii. SSerror iii. the estimate of error variance iv. :12 for the data and report this value in a sentence 2. A coach uses a new technique in training middle distance runners. The times, in seconds, for eight different student athletes to run 800 meters before and after this training are reported below. Athlete A B C D E F G H Before 115.2 114 116.4 119.8 110.9 112.4 111.5 117.3 After 112.9 112.7 114 120.6 109.1 109.1 107.9 113.4 a. Report in a sentence the percentage of variability in running times explained by the technique used by the coach. b. Sketch a graph illustrating a pattern of internally valid data supporting the View that the coach's new technique sinnicantlv affects middle distance running times