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Technology Results Pooled proportion: 0.39 Test statistic, z: 10.6987 Critical z: 2.3264 P-value: 0.0000 98% Confidence interval: 0.4173648 P2 O E. HO: P1 = P2 O D. HO: P1 # P2 Hy : P1 = P2 H1 : P1 > P2 H1 : P1 = P2Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of echinacea, 37 of the 42 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 88 of the 104 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. Consider the first sample to be the sample of subjects treated with echinacea and the second sample to be the sample of subjects treated with a placebo. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test? O C. Ho: P1 = P2 OB. Ho: P1 SP2 O A. HO: P1 = P2 H1 : P1 P2 OF. HO: P1 # P2 OE. Ho: P1 = P2 OD. HO: P1 2 P2 H1: P1 = P2 H1 : P1 # P2 H1 : P1 = P2In a study of treatments for very painful "cluster" headaches, 160 patients were treated with oxygen and 160 other patients were given a placebo consisting of ordinary air. Among the 160 patients in the oxygen treatment group, 112 were free from headaches 15 minutes after treatment. Among the 160 patients given the placebo, 32 were free from headaches 15 minutes after treatment. Use a 0.05 signicance level to test the claim that the oxygen treatment is effective. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. Consider the rst sample to be the sample of patients treated with oxygen and the second sample to be the sample of patients given a placebo. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test? (:3 A. H02p15p2 B. H0: p1 =p2 C. H0: p1 =p2 H15P1Pz H15P1Pz H15P192 Use the expression in the accompanying discussion of sample size to nd the size of each sample if you want to estimate the difference between proportions of men and women who consume medication daily. Assume that you want 90% confidence that your error is no more than 0.045. 0 Click the icon to view the discussion of sample size. The samples should include '1 men and '1 women. (Type whole numbers.) The sample size needed to estimate the difference between two population proportions to within a margin of error E with a confidence level of 'l - or can be found by using the following expression: E=Zool2 Replace n1 and n2 by n in the preceding formula (assuming that both samples have the same size) and replace each of p1 , q1, p2, and q2 by 0.5 (because their values are not known). Solving for n results in this expression: 2 202/2 252 n: A study was conducted to assess the effects that occur when children are exposed to cocaine before birth. Children were tested at age 4 for object assembly skill, which was described as "a task requiring visual-spatial skills related to mathematical competence." The 196 children born to cocaine users had a mean of 7.4 and a standard deviation of 2.9. The 188 children not exposed to cocaine had a mean score of 8.3 with a standard deviation of 3.1. Assume that the two samples are independent simple random samples selected from normally distributed populations, and do not assume that the population standard deviations are equal. Let population 1 be children born to cocaine users. Complete parts (a) and (b) below. a. Use a 0.05 signicance level to test the claim that prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with lower scores of four-year-old children on the test of object assembly. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. QA. H02p1>p2 QB. Hozp1=p2 egc. H01p1P2 H15P1=P2 D. H0: u1 #pz {:22- E. H0: u1 =p2 {:1- F. H0: p1 >p2 H15P1=P2 H15P1P2 H15P1=P2 \fLEAD is blood level group [1 = low lead level (blood lead levels pz {:2- B. Ho: u1 = pz {:2- C. Ho: u1 #pz H15P1=P2 H15P1P2 Listed below are the numbers of years that archbishops and monarchs in a certain country lived after their election or coronation. Treat the values as simple random samples from larger populations. Complete parts (a) and (b) below. All measurements are in years. @ Click the icon to view the table of longevities of archbishops and monarchs. 3. Use a 0.01 signicance level to test the claim that the mean longevity for archbishops is less than the mean for monarchs after coronation. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? Assume that population 1 consists of the longevity of archbishops and population 2 consists of the longevity of monarchs. A. H0: p.1 = P2 ii; B. H0: P1 #uz H15P1P2 [:3 C. H0: p.1 =u2 {:1 D. H0:u15u2 H1:u1u2 H1:p.1>u2 \f