1. The dependent variable is:

Group of answer choices

The variable that is measured and observed for the impact of another variable on it

The variable that does not relate to the hypothesis

The variable that is manipulated

The variable that is used as a co-variate.

Question

Cronbach's Alpha measures:

Group of answer choices

Criterion validity

Reliability for stability

Reliability for internal consistency

Construct validity

Question 3

There is no difference in rewarming patient's body temperature to 36.0 degree Celsius using a radiant warmer and warm cotton blanket in patients who undergo spinal cord surgery and suffered hypothermia in the postanaesthetic care unit. This is an example of (choose the BEST answer):

Group of answer choices

The null hypothesis

An alternate hypothesis

A directional hypothesis

A non-directional hypothesis

Question 4

What is a co-variate variable (choose all that apply)?

Group of answer choices

A variable that may influence the dependent variable

A variable that may confound the dependent variable

A variable that has possible predictive capability of the dependent variable

A variable that has possible explanatory capacity of the dependent variable

Question 5

What measurements below are correctly described?

Group of answer choices

Ratio: Weight in lbs, income, Depression as measured by PHQ9, ethnicity

Interval: Patient satisfaction, Temperature in Centigrade, Military rank

Nominal: Political orientation, Gender, Color, Clothing type

Ordinal: Rank in class, Placement in a race, Time, Temperature in Fahrenheit

Question 6

Which statement below isnottrue?

Group of answer choices

The most prominent assumption that a researcher must meet in determining whether or you can use parametric statistics to make inferences from a sample to the population is that of normality in the distribution of the dependent variable

Inferential statistics include both parametric and non-parametric types

Descriptive and inferential statistics are used in qualitative research studies

Descriptive statistics include measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion

Question 7

Using Dataset 3 Instruments, run frequencies for gender and answer the following question (homework #2, question #1) In examining the gender table, select the only true statement from these choices:

Group of answer choices

There were 125 female participants, 438 male, and 305 transgender. There was total of 868 and 5 people did not answer the gender question.

There were 365 female participants, 784 male, and 12 transgender. There was a total of 1161 and 2 people did not answer the gender question.

There were 367 female participants, 784 male and 12 transgender. There was a total of 1161 and no missing data.

There were 438 male participants, 125 female participants, and 305 transgender. There was a total of 868 and 5 people did not answer the gender question.

Question 8

To run descriptive statistics in SPSS v26 or 27, you need to do the following (choose all that are correct)

Group of answer choices

Choose the type of descriptive statistics desired

Go to the "analyze" tab

Open a dataset (a .sav file)

Move the variable over that you want to analyze

Select "descriptive"

Question 9

There are three file types that are used with SPSS; they use these extensions.

Group of answer choices

.rtf file (data file), .dat file (output file), .docx file (syntax file)

.doc file (data file), .ppt file (output file), .xlsx file (syntax file)

.sav file (data file), .spv file (output file), .sps file (syntax file)

Question 10

Examine the SPSS descriptive statistics output from Homework #2, question #2 using the dataset 3 instruments for age. Select the correct answer from the choices below:

Group of answer choices

The most frequently occurring age in the dataset was 35

The average age was 41.67 years

The point at which there is an even number of ages above and below was 47.

Question 11

The standard deviation is: (choose all that are correct)

Group of answer choices

A descriptive statistic

Related to the variance in the dataset

A measure of dispersion

A measure of central tendency

Question 12

To determine whether or not a dependent variable is normally distributed, the researcher could (choose all that are correct):

Group of answer choices

Calculate a test of significance using the Bonferroni correction

Run a distribution with the normal curve superimposed and visualize for the fit

Calculate the ratio of the standard error of the skewness/and kurtosis to its corresponding statistic. (manual calculation using SPSS descriptive statistics output)

Calculate a test of significance, using the Kolomorov-Smirnoff test or the Shapiro-Wilk test in SPSS (using the "explore" function in descriptives)

Question 13

A 95% confidence interval (select all that are true)

Group of answer choices

Is not a test of significance per se

Can be helpful in estimating a parameter of the population

Is often used to frame a mean

Is not exactly the same as an inferential prediction

Question 14

Revisit the Franck et al. (2015) research study: Predictors of parent post traumatic stress symptoms after child hospitalization of general pediatric wards: A prospective cohort study.International journal of nursing studies, 52(1), 10-21. The dependent variable was:

Group of answer choices

Depression

PTSS (Post traumatic stress symptoms)

Child hospitalization

Anxiety

Question 15

Convergent validity testing is a type of construct validity.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Question 16

When data are collected before the researcher analyzes a dataset measured on a five-point Likert scale, recoding may be necessary (choose all that apply):

Group of answer choices

To make sure that all of the 5s and all of the 1s go in the correct direction

To make sure that the answers all mean the same thing: all positive or all negative

To make sure that the numbers make sense

Question 17

When the data are normally distributed, and you want to determine if there is a difference in the means between more than 2 groups, the appropriate test is:

Group of answer choices

A parametric test: ANOVA

A Mann Whitney U test: with 2 independent groups

A non-parametric test: Kruskal-Wallis

A t test with 2 independent groups

Question 18

A chi square test may be the correct choice: (choose all that apply)

Group of answer choices

When the variables are measured at the nominal level

When you have at least two variables to be tested

When you need a parametric test

When you are interested in knowing if there is a difference in the means

Question 19

You are measuring the difference in the means between two administrations of the same 20 question test (a pretest and a posttest) to a group of nurses who have taken a continuing education course to assess baseline and knowledge acquisition after the course is completed. The same nurse takes the pretest and the postest, and the results are a score between 0 and 100%; the data are normally distributed. In SPSS:

Group of answer choices

go to analyze, transform, compute and find the right test

you will need to "recode" using transform, and find the right test

go to analyze, compare means, independent samples t test

go to analyze, compare means, paired samples t test

go to non-parametric tests, legacy dialogs, 2 related samples

Question 20

Canbulat et al. (2015) studied the effectiveness of external cold and vibration (buzzy) for procedural pain relief during peripheral cannulation in pediatric patients (used in homework #3). In table 2, the researchers present their results on procedural pain, and in table 3, the researchers present the results for procedural anxiety. If applicable, use the Bonferroni correction, and choose the BEST option from below.

Group of answer choices

The researchers drew the correct conclusion: buzzy reduces pain and anxiety and they rejected the null hypotheses.

The researchers did not address the Bonferroni correction in their paper, therefore their results are questionable.

The Bonferroni correction is not really necessary as the significance levels for pain and anxiety were less than .05

The Bonferroni correction is already reflected because the researchers choose the correct parametric statistic, the T test.

Question 21

Recall question #1 on Homework 4A. You want to determine if life satisfaction scores differ based on whether a person has high or low stress. Review the SPSS output below and determine whether or not you can use parametric statistics to analyze the difference in the means.

Tests of Normality
	Kolmogorov-Smirnova	Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic	df	Sig.	Statistic	df	Sig.
Life Satisfaction	.137	30	.156	.940	30	.091
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

Group of answer choices

Yes, you can use a T test

No, you must use a non-parametric test, like the MannWhitney U test.

Question 22

Take a look at this graphic display of data.

This is:

35- O O O 30- O O O 25- O Oo O Perceived Stress 20= OO O O O 15- O O O OO O O 10- O O O O 5- O O 10 20 30 Hours of Aerobic Exercise per Week 40