1. The null and alternative hypotheses in statistical hypothesis testing are always statements about: O a. Either sample statistics or population parameters. O b. Sample statistics. O c. Population parameters. O d. Both sample statistics and population parameters.

2. When conducting a two-sided hypothesis test concerning a population proportion, which of the follov hypothesis? O a. -2.95 O b. -1.64 O c. 2.78 O d. 0.001

A researcher is wondering whether the percentage of adults in a certain city in the US who are smokers is different from the national average, which is 12%. The researcher collected data from a random sample of 100 adults in the city of interest. State the hypotheses to be tested for this study. O a. Ho: u = 0.12, Ha: u 0.12 O b.Ho: p= 12, Ha: p 12 O c. Ho: p = 0.12, Ha: p 0.12 Od. Ho: u = 12, Ha: u > 12

5. In 2010, 48% of voters in a certain state favored stricter gun control laws. In 2019, a researcher conducted a hypothesis test to see if this percentage had increased. The alternative hypothesis used was p> 0.48. The test resulted in a test statistic of 1.27 and a p-value of 0.1020. Using a significance level of 0.05, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion for this test? O a. Evidence suggests the proportion of voters who favor stricter gun control laws is not 0.48 and has actually increased. O b. The percentage of voters who favor stricter gun control laws could still be 48%, but the actual population percentage is still unknown. O c. The percentage of voters who favor stricter gun control laws is still 48%. O d. No conclusion is possible based on the information given.