Question
1. The production of wine is a multibillion-dollar worldwide industry. In an attempt to develop a model of wine quality as judged by wine experts,
1. The production of wine is a multibillion-dollar worldwide industry. In an attempt to develop a model of wine quality as judged by wine experts, data was collect from red wine variants of Portuguese "Vinho Verde" wine. A sample of 50 wines is storage in VinhoVerde file (below). Develop a multiple linear regression model to predict wine quality, measured on a scale from 0 (very bad) to 10 (excellent) based on alcohol content (%) and the amount of chlorides.
a. state the multiple regression equation
b. Interpret the meaning of slopes b1 and b2, in this problem.
c. explain why the regression coefficient, b0, has no practical meaning in the context of this problem.
d. predict the mean wine quality rating for wines that have 10% alcohol and chlorides of 0.08.
2. From the above results:
a. Determine whether there is a significant relationship between wine quality and the two independent variables (% of alcohol and chlorides ) at the 0.05 level of significance.
b. Interpret the meaning of the p-value
c. compute the coefficient of multiple determination, r^2, and interpret its meaning.
d. Compute the adjusted r^2.
SUMMARY OUTPUT | ||||||||
Regression Statistics | ||||||||
Multiple R | 0.652209 | |||||||
R Square | 0.425377 | |||||||
Adjusted R Square | 0.400924 | |||||||
Standard Error | 0.884571 | |||||||
Observations | 50 | |||||||
ANOVA | ||||||||
df | SS | MS | F | Significance F | ||||
Regression | 2 | 27.2241 | 13.61205 | 17.39634 | 2.22E-06 | |||
Residual | 47 | 36.7759 | 0.782466 | |||||
Total | 49 | 64 | ||||||
Coefficients | Standard Error | t Stat | P-value | Lower 95% | Upper 95% | Lower 95.0% | Upper 95.0% | |
Intercept | 1.159216 | 1.271867 | 0.911429 | 0.366721 | -1.39945 | 3.717882 | -1.39945 | 3.717882 |
Chlorides | -9.63315 | 3.681845 | -2.61639 | 0.011913 | -17.0401 | -2.22623 | -17.0401 | -2.22623 |
Alcohol | 0.496247 | 0.109359 | 4.537798 | 3.94E-05 | 0.276246 | 0.716248 | 0.276246 | 0.716248 |
FF
Fixed Acidity | Volatile Acidity | Citric Acid | Residual Sugar | Chlorides | Free Sulfur Dioxide | Total Sulfur Dioxide | Density | pH | Sulphates | Chlorides | Alcohol | Quality |
11.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.067 | 12 | 27 | 0.9981 | 3.11 | 0.97 | 0.067 | 10.1 | 6 |
7.7 | 0.715 | 0.01 | 2.1 | 0.064 | 31 | 43 | 0.99371 | 3.41 | 0.57 | 0.064 | 11.8 | 6 |
10.4 | 0.575 | 0.61 | 2.6 | 0.076 | 11 | 24 | 1 | 3.16 | 0.69 | 0.076 | 9 | 5 |
9.2 | 0.63 | 0.21 | 2.7 | 0.097 | 29 | 65 | 0.9988 | 3.28 | 0.58 | 0.097 | 9.6 | 5 |
7.9 | 0.35 | 0.46 | 3.6 | 0.078 | 15 | 37 | 0.9973 | 3.35 | 0.86 | 0.078 | 12.8 | 8 |
8.9 | 0.745 | 0.18 | 2.5 | 0.077 | 15 | 48 | 0.99739 | 3.2 | 0.47 | 0.077 | 9.7 | 6 |
7.6 | 0.51 | 0.24 | 2.4 | 0.091 | 8 | 38 | 0.998 | 3.47 | 0.66 | 0.091 | 9.6 | 6 |
10.8 | 0.5 | 0.46 | 2.5 | 0.073 | 5 | 27 | 1.0001 | 3.05 | 0.64 | 0.073 | 9.5 | 5 |
6.4 | 0.47 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 0.071 | 8 | 19 | 0.9963 | 3.56 | 0.73 | 0.071 | 10.6 | 6 |
9.9 | 0.63 | 0.24 | 2.4 | 0.077 | 6 | 33 | 0.9974 | 3.09 | 0.57 | 0.077 | 9.4 | 5 |
6.9 | 0.685 | 0 | 2.5 | 0.105 | 22 | 37 | 0.9966 | 3.46 | 0.57 | 0.105 | 10.6 | 6 |
7.3 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 5.9 | 0.074 | 12 | 87 | 0.9978 | 3.33 | 0.83 | 0.074 | 10.5 | 5 |
6.8 | 0.81 | 0.05 | 2 | 0.07 | 6 | 14 | 0.99562 | 3.51 | 0.66 | 0.07 | 10.8 | 6 |
7.5 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 1.7 | 0.084 | 13 | 31 | 0.99538 | 3.36 | 0.54 | 0.084 | 10.5 | 6 |
10.4 | 0.34 | 0.58 | 3.7 | 0.174 | 6 | 16 | 0.997 | 3.19 | 0.7 | 0.174 | 11.3 | 6 |
7.1 | 0.46 | 0.14 | 2.8 | 0.076 | 15 | 37 | 0.99624 | 3.36 | 0.49 | 0.076 | 10.7 | 5 |
9.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.065 | 8 | 17 | 0.99774 | 3.32 | 0.71 | 0.065 | 10.5 | 6 |
7.3 | 0.69 | 0.32 | 2.2 | 0.069 | 35 | 104 | 0.99632 | 3.33 | 0.51 | 0.069 | 9.5 | 5 |
7.7 | 0.6 | 0 | 2.6 | 0.055 | 7 | 13 | 0.99639 | 3.38 | 0.56 | 0.055 | 10.8 | 5 |
6.7 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 1.7 | 0.077 | 18 | 34 | 0.9948 | 3.39 | 0.6 | 0.077 | 10.6 | 6 |
8.6 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 2.3 | 0.055 | 14 | 28 | 0.99516 | 3.18 | 0.8 | 0.055 | 11.2 | 5 |
8.3 | 0.65 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 0.089 | 17 | 40 | 0.99803 | 3.29 | 0.55 | 0.089 | 9.5 | 5 |
6 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 3.6 | 0.067 | 18 | 42 | 0.99549 | 3.39 | 0.66 | 0.067 | 11 | 6 |
8.6 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 1.9 | 0.11 | 20 | 136 | 0.9972 | 2.93 | 1.95 | 0.11 | 9.9 | 6 |
7.9 | 0.54 | 0.34 | 2.5 | 0.076 | 8 | 17 | 0.99235 | 3.2 | 0.72 | 0.076 | 13.1 | 8 |
10.2 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 2.9 | 0.072 | 10 | 26 | 0.9968 | 3.16 | 0.78 | 0.072 | 12.5 | 7 |
8 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 2.5 | 0.091 | 18 | 80 | 0.9976 | 3.37 | 0.8 | 0.091 | 9.6 | 6 |
7.6 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 2.3 | 0.082 | 23 | 71 | 0.9982 | 3.52 | 0.65 | 0.082 | 9.7 | 5 |
7.1 | 0.59 | 0 | 2.1 | 0.091 | 9 | 14 | 0.99488 | 3.42 | 0.55 | 0.091 | 11.5 | 7 |
8.3 | 0.6 | 0.13 | 2.6 | 0.085 | 6 | 24 | 0.9984 | 3.31 | 0.59 | 0.085 | 9.2 | 6 |
8.8 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 2.6 | 0.065 | 7 | 18 | 0.9947 | 3.32 | 0.79 | 0.065 | 14 | 6 |
8.5 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 1.9 | 0.058 | 18 | 38 | 0.99518 | 3.16 | 0.85 | 0.058 | 11.1 | 6 |
10.2 | 0.645 | 0.36 | 1.8 | 0.053 | 5 | 14 | 0.9982 | 3.17 | 0.42 | 0.053 | 10 | 6 |
11.6 | 0.32 | 0.55 | 2.8 | 0.081 | 35 | 67 | 1.0002 | 3.32 | 0.92 | 0.081 | 10.8 | 7 |
6.3 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.077 | 26 | 35 | 0.99314 | 3.32 | 0.82 | 0.077 | 11.6 | 6 |
7.5 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 2.6 | 0.073 | 22 | 84 | 0.9972 | 3.32 | 0.7 | 0.073 | 9.6 | 4 |
9.1 | 0.765 | 0.04 | 1.6 | 0.078 | 4 | 14 | 0.998 | 3.29 | 0.54 | 0.078 | 9.7 | 4 |
8.4 | 1.035 | 0.15 | 6 | 0.073 | 11 | 54 | 0.999 | 3.37 | 0.49 | 0.073 | 9.9 | 5 |
6.2 | 0.56 | 0.09 | 1.7 | 0.053 | 24 | 32 | 0.99402 | 3.54 | 0.6 | 0.053 | 11.3 | 5 |
7.3 | 0.74 | 0.08 | 1.7 | 0.094 | 10 | 45 | 0.99576 | 3.24 | 0.5 | 0.094 | 9.8 | 5 |
7.8 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 2 | 0.086 | 9 | 21 | 0.99526 | 3.39 | 0.66 | 0.086 | 11.6 | 6 |
10.4 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 1.5 | 0.145 | 34 | 48 | 0.99832 | 3.38 | 0.86 | 0.145 | 9.9 | 3 |
11.6 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 1.6 | 0.147 | 36 | 51 | 0.99836 | 3.38 | 0.86 | 0.147 | 9.9 | 4 |
8.3 | 0.65 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 0.089 | 17 | 40 | 0.99803 | 3.29 | 0.55 | 0.089 | 9.5 | 5 |
6.3 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.077 | 26 | 35 | 0.99314 | 3.32 | 0.82 | 0.077 | 11.6 | 6 |
6.7 | 1.04 | 0.08 | 2.3 | 0.067 | 19 | 32 | 0.99648 | 3.52 | 0.57 | 0.067 | 11 | 4 |
7.2 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 1.7 | 0.061 | 3 | 13 | 0.996 | 3.23 | 1.1 | 0.061 | 10 | 8 |
6.8 | 0.815 | 0 | 1.2 | 0.267 | 16 | 29 | 0.99471 | 3.32 | 0.51 | 0.267 | 9.8 | 3 |
5.5 | 0.49 | 0.03 | 1.8 | 0.044 | 28 | 87 | 0.9908 | 3.5 | 0.82 | 0.044 | 14 | 8 |
7.4 | 0.59 | 0.08 | 4.4 | 0.086 | 6 | 29 | 0.9974 | 3.38 | 0.5 | 0.086 | 9 | 4 |
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