1.

The vast majority of American law enforcement agencies are

2.

Which of the following cities had the first modern police force?

3.

________ refers to protective services that a private security firm provides to people, agencies, and companies that do not employ their own security personnel or that need extra protection.

4.

In the South, the earliest form of policing was the

5.

Police officers who engage in _________ targeting drugs tend to focus on shutting down organizations responsible for distributing large amounts of illegal drugs.

6.

With DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) profiling, a unique genetic profile can be derived from ________ found at the scene of a crime or on a victim.

7.

Which of the following Acts limited the USA PATRIOT Act's broad definition of domestic terrorism to specific federal terrorism crimes?

8.

According to J. Edgar Hoover, the purpose of the FBI's covert counterintelligence programs (COINTELPROS) was to ________.

9.

What is the only crop targeted by local police agencies for crop eradication?

10.

The first "drug czar" in the U.S.A. was _________.

11.

Taking people to the hospital, escorting funeral processions, delivering mail for city officials, or chasing bats out of a caller's house are examples of the police duty of

12.

Most county sheriffs are

13.

Which of the following is one of the foundations upon which the professional model of policing is based?

14.

A crime is a violation of the ________ of a political jurisdiction.

15.

Who is the longest-serving director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?

16.

Which of the following forms of policing has been called the "first distinctively American police system"?

17.

According to the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which of the following agencies or organizations has the "primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting acts of terrorism"?

18.

The ________ protects American citizens from "unreasonable searches and seizures."

19.

How did people maintain order and defend against criminals on the American frontier?

20.

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court extend the Sixth Amendment right to be represented by an attorney to indigent defendants facing felony charges in state courts?

21.

According to political scientist William Muir's styles of policing, _________ hold values that make it difficult for them to use force to solve problems.

22.

Which of the following penal sanctions is intended to control future conduct toward the best interests of the community?

23.

Breaking up a fight, holding back a crowd at a sporting event, or intervening in a domestic dispute before it gets violent are examples of the police duty of

24.

________ refer to individuals who are actually sent to the United States, often on work or student visas, with the purpose of moving money for criminals.

25.

Approximately how many local, state, and federal public law enforcement agencies operate in the United States?

26.

Which of the following is a provision of the USA PATRIOT Act?

27.

A(n) ________ is a written order from a court directing law enforcement officers to conduct a search or

28.

In which of the following Supreme Court cases was a good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule recognized?

29.

Which of the following are the three variables that interact to form a crime triangle?

30.

The standard of proof necessary to find a defendant guilty in a criminal trial is

31.

Researchers discovered that in ________ of crimes, citizens wait 5-10 minutes to call the police, which generally precludes catching the criminal at the scene?

---------------

32.

Early American citizens ________ the formation of the first police departments.

33.

In which of the following cases was the exclusionary rule created?

34.

Which of the following characteristics of today's police was taken up by municipal police officers after the American Civil War?

35.

The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties within the Office of the Secretary of the DHS is responsible for which function?

36.

A large percentage of deaths and injuries on the highway are due to _______.

37.

Which of the following is an example of the police duty of law enforcement?

38. In 2013, approximately ________ of all local police departments had one or more officers assigned full-time to a multiagency drug enforcement task force.

39.

Which of the following refers to explorations or inspections by law enforcement officers of homes, premises, vehicles, or persons for the purpose of discovering evidence of crimes or persons who are accused of crimes?

40.

Officer Marcus has been instructed by his supervisor to focus on keeping the peace in the community and to make arrests only after informal methods of resolving problems fails. Officer Marcus most likely works in a department that operates under which of James Q. Wilson's organizational styles of policing?

41.

Which of the following is the most time-consuming and resource-intensive task of any police agency?

42.

By the 1970s, research began to show that

43.

How does the FBI define terrorism?

44.

According to Eugene Paoline's classification of police occupational styles, an officer who tends to hold favorable attitudes towards both citizens and supervisors, and who holds positive attitudes towards aggressive patrolling techniques and selective enforcement would be considered a(n) _________.

45.

A(n) _________ involves the temporary detention of a pedestrian or motorist.

46.

According to Sir Robert Peel, the main function of the police was to prevent crime by which method?

47.

In the case of Rodriquez v. U.S., the Supreme Court held that

48.

In Weems v. United States (1910), the Court ruled on the issue of cruel and unusual punishment, as discussed in which constitutional amendment?

49.

When an entire patrol section is instructed to make numerous traffic stops and field interrogations, the practice is referred to as ________ patrol.

50.

In 2015, how many law enforcement officers were feloniously killed in the line of duty in the United States?

51.

The only personal experience most people have with the criminal justice process is contact with a

52.

From 1973 through 2019, how many inmates have been freed from death row because of problems or errors in the legal process?

53.

The first black police officers in the United States were _________.

54.

Which of the following standards of proof is more than a gut feeling and legally permits a law enforcement officer to stop and frisk a suspect?

55.

Under the USA PATRIOT Act, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) may now search private records (financial, medical, library, studentany recorded activity) without a warrant and probable cause and without having to reveal to anyone what it has done. This is referred to as what type of search?

56.

The ________ guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial.

57.

Which of the following officials is responsible for providing civil process services for the court?

58.

Which of the following federal law enforcement agencies employs the largest number of personnel?

59.

The Animal Liberation Front (ALF) is an example of which type of domestic terrorism?

60.

Which of the following events likely made the Federal Bureau of Investigation a major factor in policing?

61.

Who were the first federal law enforcement agents in the United States?

62.

Which element of the SARA problem-solving process involves identifying problems?

-------------

63.

Which of the following refers to the scope of criminal law?

64.

The basic concepts of American law enforcement and criminal justice originated in

65.

The ________ states that excessive bail shall not be required.

66.

Which was the first American city to create a paid and unified municipal police force?

67.

Which of the following standards of proof is evidence that more likely than not outweighs the opposing evidence, or sufficient evidence to overcome doubt or speculation?

68.

The majority of public law enforcement agencies are considered to be _________.

69.

Random or ______ patrol involves officers who are "systematically unsystematic" and observant in an attempt to both deter and ferret out crime on their beats.

70.

The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center is part of which federal agency?

71.

Which component of the Department of Homeland Security has the mission of keeping terrorists and terrorist weapons out of the U.S.?

72.

__________ is produced by trial and appellate court judges whenever they render a decision in a particular case.

73.

The Statute of Winchester formalized the ________ system of protection.

74.

The most complete DNA database in the United States is _______.

75.

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first extend the Fifth Amendment protection against compelled self-incrimination to trials in state courts?

76.

The criminal law of the United States, for the most part, is derived from the laws of

77.

The most misused drug in the U.S. is ______.

78.

Almost three-fourths of all exonerations involve __________.

79.

________ is a formal means of social control that involves the use of rules that are interpreted, and are enforceable, by the courts of a political community.

80.

In ________ patrol, officers are given guidance on how to use their patrol time, which is often based on the results of crime analyses that identify problem areas.

81.

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court broaden the protection against compelled self-incrimination to cover nearly all custodial police interrogations?

82.

D.A.R.E. focuses on which method of preventing drug use?

83.

Which of the following refers to the legitimate source of criminal law?

84.

Which of the following U.S. Presidents created the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?

85.

In 2016, ________ municipal police departments operated in the United States.

86.

In common law, the decision in a particular case becomes a potential basis, or ________, for deciding the outcomes of similar cases in the future.

87.

As of April 15, 2019, how many foreign terrorist organizations were recognized by the U.S. State Department?

88.

________ involves a situation in which a defendant is wrongfully committed of a crime and is later cleared of all charges based on new evidence showing their innocence.

89.

Most of the procedural, or due process, rights given to criminal suspects or defendants in the United States are found in

90.

Which of the following circumstances accounted for the largest number of law enforcement officers assaulted in the United States in 2017?

91.

Which of the following factors is a reason for the growth of private security in the United States?

92.

In traditional Cherokee criminal law, which offenses were addressed by a court-like tribal group which included a member from each of the seven clans?

93.

________ is a model of state law enforcement services in which the agency and its officers have the same law enforcement powers as local police anywhere within the state.

94.

Which of the following is a description of a left-wing terrorist group?

95.

Cybercrime specialists who trade and sell stolen data are known as _______.

96.

Which of the following standards of proof is required for a search or an arrest?