1. To be convicted in a criminal case, the standard of evidence is:

a. Beyond a shadow of a doubt.

b. Beyond a reasonable doubt.

c. Preponderance of evidence.

d. All of the above.

2. Most court cases are decided in state courts, except when:

a. Federal laws are in question.

b. The case involves several states.

c. The amount exceeds $100,000.

d. Both a and b are correct.

3. What is/are the distinguishing factor(s) between the lower and higher state trial courts?

a. Amount of monetary damage.

b. Seriousness of the crime.

c. Availability of the court.

d. Both a and b.

e. All of the above.

4. Which of the following rights is not provided by the Fifth Amendment?

a. Individuals are protected from double jeopardy (being tried twice for the same crime).

b. States cannot seize private property without just compensation.

c. Individuals have the right to refuse to incriminate themselves.

d. Miranda rights must be read upon arrest.

5. During a trial or deposition, expert witnesses should:

a. Respond aggressively.

b. Bring notes and work papers to cite.

c. Answer questions convincingly, without hedging their answers.

d. Memorize well-crafted responses to say what they think sounds effective.

6. During cross-examination, expert witnesses should:

a. Address areas outside of their areas of expertise.

b. Appreciate opposing council when they act very friendly.

c. Respond evasively and ambiguously to tough questions.

d. Maintain the same positions taken during direct testimony.

7. Fraud investigators can assist in a case in which of the following ways?

a. By preparing questions to ask opposing wit-nesses during depositions.

b. By evaluating whether documents produced by the opposing side satisfy a production request.

c. By assisting in the preparation of a production request because of their knowledge of a case.

d. By a and b.

e. By a, b, and c.

8. When deposing an expert witness, the opposing attorneys try to achieve all of the following goals except:

a. Understanding the expert's opinion.

b. Understanding the expert's credentials.

c. Seeking admission of guilt.

d. Obtaining an assessment of how difficult the expert will be in the case.

9. Having a civil trial before a criminal trial has which of the following benefits?

a. Defendant may make admissions during civil trial that can be used in criminal trial.

b. Greater access to documents of the defendant.

c. Defendant is not guaranteed the right to an attorney.

d. Both a and b.

10. Which of the following is not one of the common stages of a criminal case?

a. Filing a criminal charge.

b. Filing a complaint.

c. Discovery.

d. Trial and appeal.

11. In a civil trial, settlements may be negotiated:

a. At any time during the litigation.

b. After arraignment.

c. At no time once negotiation begins.

d. Only after the judge orders negotiation between parties.

12. Which of the following actions can fraud victims pursue after sufficient evidence is obtained?

a. Prosecute in a criminal court.

b. Pursue civil litigation.

c. Take no action at all.

d. Two of the above.

13. The Fourth Amendment requires that probable cause exist before a defendant is arrested or searched. Which of the following levels of evidence is necessary to show probable cause?

a. Less than certainty, but more than speculation or suspicion.

b. Speculation or suspicion.

c. Beyond a reasonable doubt.

d. Preponderance of the evidence.