1. Tritium is a radioactive form of the element hydrogen. A tritium nucleus is composed of one proton and two neutrons. When a tritium nucleus decays, it emits a beta particle [an electron) and an antineutrino to create a stable form of helium. During beta decay, a neutron is spontaneously transformed into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino. a. What is the total number of quarks in a tritium nucleus? b. What is the total charge, in elementary charges, of a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino? c. What fundamental interaction is responsible for binding together the protons and neutrons in a helium nucleus? 2. Which combination of quarks produces a neutral baryon? (1) cts (3) uds (2) dsb (4) uct 3. A meson could be composed of (1) atop quark and a bottom quark (2) an electron and an antielectron (3) a strange quark and an anticharm quark (4) an up quark and a muon 8. 10. Which force is responsible for producing a stable nucleus by opposing the electrostatic force of repulsion between protons? (1) strong (3) frictional (2) weak (4) gravitational Two experiments running simultaneously at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, 111., have observed a new particle called the cascade baryon. It is one of the mo st massive examples yet of a baryona class of particles made of three quarks held together by the strong nuclear forccgand the rst to contain one quark from each of the three known families, or generations, of these elementary particles. Protons and neutrons are made of up and down quarks, the two rst-generation quarks. Strange and charm quarks constitute the second generation, While the top and bottom varieties make up the third. Physicists had long conjectured that a down quark could combine with a strange and a bottom quark to form the three-generation cascade baryon. On June 13, the scientists running Dzero, one of two detectors at Fermilab's Tevatron accelerator, announced that they had detected characteristic showers of particles from the decay of cascade baryons. The baryons formed in proton-antiproton collisions and lived no more than a trillionth of a second. a. Which combination of three quarks will produce a neutron? b. What is the magnitude and sign of the charge, in elementary charges, of a cascade baryon? c. The Tevatron derives its name from teraelectronvolt, the maximum energy it can impart to a particle. Determine the energy, in joules, equivalent to 1.00 teraelectronvolt. A deuterium nucleus consists of one proton and one neutron. The quark composition of a deuterium nucleus is (1) 2 up quarks and 2 down quarks (2) 2 up quarks and 4 down quarks (3) 3 up quarks and 3 down quarks (4) 4 up quarks and 2 down quarks 4. Which types of forces exist between the two protons in a helium nucleus? (1) a repulsive electrostatic force and a repulsive gravitational force (2) a repulsive electrostatic force and an attractive strong nuclear force (3) an attractive electrostatic force and an attractive gravitational force (4) an attractive electrostatic force and an attractive strong nuclear force 5. A charm quark has a charge of approximately (1) 5.33 X 1020 C (3) 1.60 X 1019 C (2) 1.07 X 10-19 C (4) 2.40 X 10-19 C 6. What is the quark composition of a proton? (l) uud (3) csb (2) udd (4) uds 7. An antibaryon composed of two antiup quarks and one antidown quark would have a charge of (1) +1e (3) 0e (2) -1e (4) -3e