1 Under the U.S. doctrine of separation of powers, which of the following has no independent enforcement power?

A. Executive branch

B. Legislative branch

C. Department of the Treasury

D. Suprem court

2 Governments can provide infrastructure, information, and regulation to help lower the cost of

A. labor.

B. market transactions.

C. raw materials.

D. private property.

3 Jason and Jane are discussing the properties of markets. Jason argues that because markets are driven by voluntary actions, market outcomes always promote the overall social welfare. Jane argues that while markets may make many people better off, illegal markets have the same "self-healing" properties as legal markets and reduce overall social welfare. Who is correct?

A. Neither Jason nor Jane is correct.

B. Both Jason and Jane are correct.

C. Only Jane is correct.

D. Only Jason is correct.

4 Adam Smith uses the example of a pin factory to illustrate the benefits of

A. specialization.

B. trade.

C. absolute advantage.

D. comparative advantage

5 Which of the following statements is true?

A. Where a political map is composed of legislative districts, at least two legislators must be elected from each district.

B. In a district-based election, gerrymandering favors whomever gets to draw the district boundaries to gain an electoral advantage.

C. Under the internationally accepted rules of proportional representation, a party that wins fewer than 10 percent of the vote won't win any seats in the legislature.

D. Where a plurality rule applies to an at-large election, the person who gets the majority of the votes is the winner