1. What are some of the reasons that a market could be a monopoly? What is giving the monopolist their exclusive position in the market? What determines whether or not a monopolist is able to charge different prices for the same product? Discuss the conditions necessary for successful price discrimination and offer a few examples where you think price discrimination is being practiced.

2. Suppose a monopolist faces a market demand that is the first two columns in the table below. Also, in the short run, assume that Total Fixed Cost equals $100 and the monopolist has Total Variable Cost according to the table. Find Total Revenue for each price and quantity combination, and then Marginal Revenue as price falls and quantity increases. Fill in the rest of the costs in the table and find profit at each price and quantity combination as the difference between Total Revenue and Total Cost. If profit is less than zero that indicates a loss. What is the maximum profit you found in this table? At what quantity and price combination is profit maximized for this monopolist?

Next, verify this result by using Marginal Analysis to find the profit maximizing price and quantity combination. For each quantity, ask yourself if Marginal Revenue exceeds Marginal Cost. If it does, then profits would be increased by producing that quantity. As you go down the table to higher quantities, stop at the quantity where producing more would cause Marginal Revenue to be less than Marginal Cost. Any quantity where Marginal Revenue is less than Marginal Cost would actually make profit lower and therefore is not profit maximizing. As long as Marginal Revenue exceeds Marginal Cost, producing that quantity adds to profit. What price and quantity combination did you find that maximizes the monopolist's profit using Marginal Analysis?

Demand and Cost facing Monopolist

Price	Quantity	Total Revenue	Marginal Revenue	Total Variable Cost	Marginal Cost	Profit
$10	10			$30
$9	20			$50
$8	30			$60
$7	40			$80
$6	50			$110
$5	60			$150
$4	70			$210
$3	80			$290
$2	90			$390

How does the Marginal Cost compare to Price at the monopolist's profit maximizing output and price combination? If Price is generally seen as the monetized Marginal Benefit to consumers of the product and Price exceeds Marginal Cost, then this is allocatively inefficient, as Marginal Benefit exceeds Marginal Cost.

Given the price and quantity on the table, what is the Marginal Cost at this quantity? Is it close to the price, or clearly less than price? Do you think this monopolist is "underproducing" and "overcharging" compared to a competitive market? Explain.