1. What is Descartes Methodological Doubt, and why does he insistiwant to use it? What is the one "true\" idea that is derived from this doubting? What is his proof for God, and more importantly (Lespecicaify), what is the problem with itwhy does his argument fail please specify in detail this problem? (This last portion of the question is where the majority of the points will be given). Do not discuss his view of the ontological argument only the causal argument! ! I 2. Hume's famous quote is: \"When we ran over libraries, persuaded of'these principies, 1al'nat havoc must we make? {free take in hand any volume; ofdivinity or school metaphysics, for instance; let as ask, does it contain any abstract reasoning concerning quantity or number? No. Does it contain any experimental reasoning concerning matters offact or existence? No. Commit it to the. ames: For it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion." Why did Hume write this quote? How does it pertain his ideas about propositions? How does Kant negate this phrase with the proposition: "All objects exist in space and time?\" What is Kant's point in a proposition such as this? Do not discuss Kant's views of space and time (this is for the 3rd essay questions), only the proposition itself. Furthermore DO NOT discussHume's idea of causation. 3. Kant claimed that space and time are forms of human intuition. 011 what basis did he make this claim? What constitutes knowledge for Kant. . .explain in detail? In other words, how does one obtain knowledge? From this perspective, why does he label his view the Copernican revolution of how we acquire knowledge. . . and no. . . do not discuss Copernicus himself nor his theory... only Kant!!! In addition, what does Kant mean by noumena and phenomenal reality? Can Plato and Kant be similar, explain in detail? 4. Berkeley created a theory of reality that was void ofa material world. What was his reasoning for this position (explain his theory)? More importantly (at least for Berkeley) WHY did he take this position. That is to say, Berkeley was reacting against the established theory from the philosophicaliscientic community about God and the universe. What was this view that he (Berkeley) was reacting against? What is the idea of Ockham's Razor? How does he use Oekham's Razor against John Locke, explain in detail? 5. (A) How does Descartes conceive of God, and how does he prove the existence of God simply from the idea of such a being? Do not discuss the ontological argument, only the trademark argument (B) How does Locke conceive of God, and how does he prove the existence of God (C) How does Berkeley conceive of God? Does he offer a proof for the existence of God, and if so, what is this? Explain in detail (D) How does Hume conceive of God