1. What is the significance of the first line in the excerpt of the case in your textbook? 2. In your opinion, is the defense of stare decisis persuasive? Why or why not? 3. If you were attempting to get this case overruled, what arguments would you make to counter this position?

Anesthesia: A Brief History Hanaoka Seishu (1760-1835), a Japanese Surgeon, is said to have been the first person to perform surgery using general anesthesia when he treated a patient's breast cancer in 1804 (Masuru Izuo, Medical History: Seishu Hanaoka and His Success in Breast Cancer Surgery Under General Anesthe- sia Two Hundred Years Ago, 11 BREAST CANCER 319 [2004]. Accessed December 4, 2018, at https:// doi.org/10.1007/BF02968037). Because of the country's isolation, however, this development was unknown outside of Japan for many years. The American surgeon C. W. Long (1815-1878) used ether as an anesthetic in 1842 but did not publish his results until 1849 (C. Singer & E. A. Under- wood, A Short History of Medicine at 343 [Oxford University Press 1962). Morton and Warren were unaware of Long's success when they performed their operation in 1846.What is the significance of the first line in the (cerpt of the case in your textbook? In your opinion, is the defense of stare acisis persuasive? Why or why not? If you were attempting to get this case rerruled, what arguments would you make to :unter this position