1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firms cost of capital? Is the WACC set by investors or by managers? Explain. Did Cohen make any mistakes in her analysis? Explain.

2. Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM, the dividend growth model, and the earnings capitalization ratio (Note: The formula for the earnings capitalization ratio is Re = EPS1/P, where EPS1 is the estimated EPS for next year, and P is the current stock price). Show your calculations, and identify and justify the sources for your data. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

3. What is your estimate of the WACC? (Show your calculations on an Excel Spreadsheet.) Identify the sources of data used. Justify your assumptions. Note that the price of the bond in Exhibit 4 is listed as $95.60 but it is really 95.6% of par.

4. Based on your estimate of the WACC, what is your estimate of the value of a share of Nike stock? (Show your calculations on an Excel spreadsheet.) What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? Why?

Please show excel formulas for all calculations

Apparel Group's Polo Jeans division. ts d e 3 management firm, pored over analysts' write-ups of Nike, Inc., the athletic-shoe manufacturer. also planned to push its apparel line, which, under the recent leadership of industry veteran Douglas Robson, "Just Do ... Something: Nike's Insularity and Foot-Dragging Have It Running in Place," 3 Sneakers in this segment sold for $70-$90 a pair. Mindy Grossman joined Nike in September 2000. She was the former president and chief executive of Jones NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL On July 5, 2001, Kimi Ford, a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, a mutual-fund Nike's share price had declined significantly from the beginning of the year. Ford was considering buying some shares for the fund she managed, the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund, which invested mostly in Fortune 500 companies, with an emphasis on value investing. Its top holdings included ExxonMobil, General Motors, McDonald's, 3M, and other large-cap, generally old-economy stocks. While the stock market had declined over the last 18 months, the North Point Large-Cap Fund had performed extremely well. In 2000, the fund earned a return of 20.7%, even as the S&P 500 fell 10.1%. At the end of June 2001, the fund's year-to-date returns stood at 6.4% versus -7.3% for the S&P 500. Only a week earlier, on June 28, 2001, Nike had held an analysts' meeting to disclose its fiscal-year 2001 results.' The meeting, however, had another purpose: Nike management wanted to communicate a strategy for revitalizing the company. Since 1997, its revenues had plateaued at around $9 billion, while net income had fallen from almost $800 million to $580 million (see Exhibit 1). Nike's market share in U.S. athletic shoes had fallen from 48%, in 1997, to 42% in 2000. In addition, recent supply-chain issues and the adverse effect of a strong dollar had negatively affected revenue. At the meeting, management revealed plans to address both top-line growth and operating performance. To boost revenue, the company would develop more athletic-shoe products in the midpriced segment-a segment that Nike had overlooked in recent years. Nike Mindy Grossman, had performed extremely well. On the cost side, Nike would exert more effort Nike's fiscal year ended in May. Business Week (2 July 2001). on expense control. Finally, company executives reiterated their long-term revenue-growth Analysts' reactions were mixed. Some thought the financial targets were too aggressive; others saw significant growth opportunities in apparel and in Nike's international businesses. UVA-F-1353 targets of 8% to 10% and earnings-growth targets of above 15%. Yea (in Kimi Ford read all the analysts' reports that she could find about the June 28 meeting, but the reports gave her no clear guidance a Lehman Brothers report recommended a strong buy, while UBS Warburg and CSFB analysts expressed misgivings about the company and recommended a hold. Ford decided instead to develop her own discounted cash flow forecast to come to a clearer conclusion. Her forecast showed that, at a discount rate of 12%, Nike was overvalued at its current share price of $42.09 (Exhibit 2). However, she had done a quick sensitivity analysis that revealed Nike was undervalued at discount rates below 11.17%. Because she was about to go into a meeting, she asked her new assistant, Joanna Cohen, to estimate Nike's cost of capital. Rey CO: Gr Sel O Int 00 Ro In In N Cohen immediately gathered all the data she thought she might need (Exhibits 1 through 4) and began to work on her analysis. At the end of the day, Cohen submitted her cost-of-capital estimate and a memo (Exhibit 5) explaining her assumptions to Ford. D C Sources of data: Company filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), UBS Warburg. -3- UVA-F-1353 Exhibit 1 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Consolidated Income Statements 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1995 (in millions of dollars except per-share data) Year Ended May 31 Revenues Cost of goods sold Gross profit Selling and administrative Operating income $4,760.8 $ 6,470.6 $ 9,186,5 $ 9,553.1 $ 8,776.9 $ 8,995.1 $ 9,488.8 2,865.3 3,906.7 5,503.0 6,065.5 5,493.5 5,403.8 5,784.9 1,895.6 2,563,9 3,683.5 3,487.6 3,283.4 3,591.3 3,703.9 1,209.8 1,588.6 2,303.7 2,623.8 2,426.6 2,606.4 2,689.7 685.8 975.3 1,379.8 863.8 856.8 984.9 1,014.2 24.2 39.5 52.3 60.0 44.1 45.0 58.7 11.7 36.7 32.3 20.9 21.5 23.2 34.1 129.9 45.1 (2.5) 649.9 899.1 1,295.2 653.0 746.1 919.2 921.4 250.2 345.9 499.4 253.4 294.7 340.1 331.7 399.7 $ 553.2 $ 795.8 $ 399.6 $ 451.4 S 579.1 S 589.7 Interest expense Other expense, net Restructuring charge, net Income before income taxes Income taxes Net income S 1.88 $ 293.6 1.36 $ 294.0 2.68 $ 297.0 1.35 $ 296.0 1.57 S 287.5 2.07 $ 279.8 2.16 273.3 Diluted earnings per common share Average shares outstanding (diluted) Growth (%) Revenue Operating income Net income 35.9 42.2 38.4 42.0 41.5 43.9 4.0 (37.4) (49.8) (8.1) (0.8) 13.0 2.5 15.0 28.3 5.5 3.0 1.8 Margins (%) Gross margin Operating margin 39.6 15.1 8.5 40.1 15.0 8.7 36.5 9.0 4.2 37.4 9.8 5.1 39.9 10.9 6.4 39.0 10.7 6.2 Net margin 38.6 38.8 39.5 37,0 36.0 Effective tax rate (%)* 38.5 *The U.S. statutory tax rate was 35%. The state tax varied yearly from 2.5% to 3.5%. UVA-F-1353 Exhibit 2 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Discounted Cash Flow Analysis 2007 2008 2009 2006 2019 2005 2004 2003 2002 Assumptions: 7.0 Revenue growth (%) 600 COGS sales () SG&A sales (9) 28.0 Tax rate (9) 38,0 Current assets sales (%) 38 0 Current liabilities sales (%) 11.5 Yearly depreciation and capex equal each other. Cost of capital (96) 12.00 Terminal growth rate (%) 3.00 65 60.0 27.5 38 0 380 11.5 6.5 59.5 27.0 380 38.0 11.5 6.5 59.5 26,5 180 38,0 11.5 6.0 59.0 26.0 38.0 38.0 11.5 6.0 59.0 25.5 38.0 38,0 11.5 6.0 585 25.0 38.0 38,0 11.S 6,0 58.5 25.0 38.0 38,0 11.5 6.0 SRO 250 38.0 38.0 11.5 60 58.0 25,0 38,0 380 11.5 Discounted Cash Flow fin millions of dollars except per-share data) 2.9573 Operating income $ 1.218.4 S 1,351.6 S 1,554.6 S 1,717.0 S 1,950.0 $ 2,135.9 $ 2,410.2 $ 2,554.8 $ 2.790.1 741.0 652.5 915.9 313.6 811.7 590.8 463.0 Taxes 970.8 1.060.2 1,123.9 755,4 838,0 1,064.5 963.9 1,209.0 1.324.3 NOPAT 1,494.3 1.584.0 1.729.9 1,8337 Capex, het of depreciation 8.8 (1749) Change in NWC (1863) (195.0) (198.4) (206,7) (219.1) (2323) (246.2) (261.0 Free cash flow 764.1 663.1 777.6 866.2 1,014.0 1,117.6 1,275.2 1,351.7 1.483.7 1,572.7 Terminal value 17,998,3 Total flows 764.1 663.1 777.6 866.2 1,014.0 1,117.6 1,275.2 1,351.7 1,483.7 19,571.0 Present value of flow S 682.3 S 528,6 S 553.5 S 550.5 S 575.4 S 566.2 S 576.8 S 545.9 $ 545.9 $ 535.0 S 6,3012 Enterprise value $ 11,415,4 Less current outstanding debt 1,296,6 Equity value $ 10,118.8 Current shares outstanding 271,5 Equity value per share $ 37.27 42.09 Current share price: Sensitivity of equity value to discount rate: Discount rate Equity value 8.00% S 75.80 8.50% 67.85 9.00% 61.25 9.50% 55.68 10.00% 5092 10.50% 46,81 11.00% 43.22 11.17% 42.09 11.50% 40.07 12.00% 37.27 Source: Case writer's analysis. 2-1353 2011 6.0 58.0 25.0 38.0 38,0 1.5 Source of data: Company filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Exhibit 3 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Consolidated Balance Sheets As of May 31, (in millions of dollars) 2000 2001 Assets Current assets: Cash and equivalents $ 254.3 $ 304.0 Accounts receivable 1,569.4 1,621.4 Inventories 1,446.0 1,424.1 Deferred income taxes 111.5 113.3 Prepaid expenses 215.2 162.5 Total current assets 3,596.4 3,625.3 1.5 1,583.4 Property, plant and equipment, net 1,618.8 .9 Identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, net 410.9 397.3 266.2 178.2 0) Deferred income taxes and other assets $ 5,856.9 Total assets $ 5,819.6 Liabilities and shareholders' equity Current liabilities: S 50.1 $ 5.4 Current portion of long-term debt 924.2 855.3 Notes payable 543.8 432.0 Accounts payable 621.9 472.1 Accrued liabilities 21.9 Income taxes payable 2,140.0 1,786.7 Total current liabilities 470.3 435.9 110.3 0.3 0.3 2.8 2.8 459.4 (9.9) (111.1) (152.1) 2,887.0 3,194.3 3,136.0 3,494.5 $ 5,856.9 $ 5,819.6 102.2 Long-term debt Deferred income taxes and other liabilities Redeemable preferred stock Shareholders' equity: Common stock, par 369.0 (11.7) Capital in excess of stated value Unearned stock compensation Accumulated other comprehensive income Retained earnings Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity UVA-F-1353 -6- Exhibit 4 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Capital Market and Financial Information on or around July 5, 2001 : Nike Share Price Performance Relative to S&P 500: January 2000 to July 5, 2001 Current Yields on U.S. Treasures FROM 1.3 DATE 3-month 6-month 1-year 5-year 10-year 20-year 3.59% 3.59% 3.59% 4.88% 5.39% 5.74% 1.2 SUBJ 1.1 1.0 Based qarwood 0.8 Historical Equity Risk Premiums (1926-1999) Geometric mean 5.90% Arithmetic mean 7.50% 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Current Yield on Publicly Traded Nike Debt Coupon 6.75% paid semi-annually Issued 07/15/96 Maturity 07/15/21 Current Price $ 95.60 00- Mar-00 May-00 Sep-00 Nov-00 Mar-01 Nike --- S&P 500 Nike share price on July 5, 2001: $ 42.09 Nike Historic Betas 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 YTD 6/30/01 0.98 0.84 0.84 0.63 0.83 0.69 Average Dividend History and Forecasts Paymt Dates 31-Mar 30-Jun 1997 0.10 0.10 1998 0.12 0.12 1999 0.12 0.12 2000 0.12 0.12 2001 0.12 0.12 0.80 30-Sep 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.12 31-Dec 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.12 Total 0.40 0.48 0.48 0.48 Consensus EPS estimates: FY 2002 FY 2003 2.32 $ 2.67 S Value Line Forecast of Dividend Growth from '98-'00 to '04-'06: 5.50% *Data have been modified for teaching purposes. Sources of data: Bloomberg Financial Services, Ibbotson Associates Yearbook 1999, Value Line Investment Survey, IBES. of total capital makes up 27.0% and equity accounts for 73.0%: F-1353 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Joanna Cohen's Analysis FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: other to warrant different costs of capital. Were their profiles really different? I concluded that it was only the Cole Haan line that was somewhat different; the rest were all sports- related businesses. Since Cole Haan makes up only a tiny fraction of revenues, however, I did not think that it was necessary to compute a separate cost of capital. As for the apparel and footwear lines, they are sold through the same marketing and distribution channels and are often marketed in other collections of similar designs. Since I believe they face the same risk factors, I decided to compute only one cost of capital for the II. Methodology for Calculating the Cost of Capital: WACC average cost of capital). Based on the latest available balance sheet, debt as a proportion Since Nike is funded with both debt and equity, I used the WACC method (weighted- -7- UVA-F-1353 Exhibit 5 Kimi Ford Joanna Cohen July 6, 2001 Nike's cost of capital Based on the following assumptions, my estimate of Nike's cost of capital is 8.4%: 1. Single or Multiple Costs of Capital? The first question that I considered was whether to use single or multiple costs of capital, given that Nike has multiple business segments. Aside from footwear, which makes up 62% of its revenue, Nike also sells apparel (30% of revenue) that complements its footwear products. In addition, Nike sells sport balls, timepieces, eyewear, skates, bats, and other equipment designed for sports activities. Equipment products account for 3.6% of its revenue. Finally, Nike also sells some non-Nike-branded products such as Cole Haan dress and casual footwear, and ice skates, skate blades, hockey sticks, hockey jerseys, and other products under the Bauer trademark. Non-Nike brands accounted for 4.5% of revenue. I asked myself whether Nike's business segments had different enough risks from each whole company. Debt balances as of May 31, 2000 and 2001, were $1,444.6 million and $1,296.6 million, respectively. Exhibit 5 (continued) Book Values (in millions) Capital Sources Debt Current portion of long-term debt Notes payable Long-term debt S 5.4 855.3 435.9 $ 1,296.6 S 3,494.5 27.0% of total capital 73.0% of total capital t Equity III. Cost of Debt My estimate of Nike's cost of debt is 4.3%. I arrived at this estimate by taking total interest expense for the year 2001 and dividing it by the company's average debt balance. The rate is lower than Treasury yields, but that is because Nike raised a portion of its funding needs through Japanese yen notes, which carry rates between 2.0% and 4.3% After adjusting for tax, the cost of debt comes out to 2.7%. I used a tax rate of 38% which I obtained by adding state taxes of 3% to the U.S. statutory tax rate. Historically, Nike's state taxes have ranged from 2.5% to 3.5%. IV. Cost of Equity I estimated the cost of equity using the capital-asset-pricing model (CAPM). Other methods, such as the dividend-discount model (DDM) and the earnings-capitalization ratio, can be used to estimate the cost of equity. In my opinion, however, the CAPM is the superior method. My estimate of Nike's cost of equity is 10.5%. I used the current yield on 20-year Treasury bonds as my risk-free rate, and the compound average premium of the market over Treasury bonds (5.9%) as my risk premium. For beta, I took the average of Nike's betas from 1996 to the present. Putting It All Together Inputting all my assumptions into the WACC formula, my estimate of Nike's cost of capital is 8.4%. WACC = Ka(1-t) * D/(D+E) + Ke xE/(D+E) = 2.7% x 27.0% +10.5% x 73.0% = 8.4% 3. What is your estimate of the WACC? (Show your calculations on an Excel Spreadsheet.) Identify the sources of data used. Justify your assumptions. Note that the price of the bond in Exhibit 4 is listed as $95.60 but it is really 95.6% of par. 4. Based on your estimate of the WACC, what is your estimate of the value of a share of Nike stock? (Show your calculations on an Excel spreadsheet.) What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? Why? Apparel Group's Polo Jeans division. ts d e 3 management firm, pored over analysts' write-ups of Nike, Inc., the athletic-shoe manufacturer. also planned to push its apparel line, which, under the recent leadership of industry veteran Douglas Robson, "Just Do ... Something: Nike's Insularity and Foot-Dragging Have It Running in Place," 3 Sneakers in this segment sold for $70-$90 a pair. Mindy Grossman joined Nike in September 2000. She was the former president and chief executive of Jones NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL On July 5, 2001, Kimi Ford, a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, a mutual-fund Nike's share price had declined significantly from the beginning of the year. Ford was considering buying some shares for the fund she managed, the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund, which invested mostly in Fortune 500 companies, with an emphasis on value investing. Its top holdings included ExxonMobil, General Motors, McDonald's, 3M, and other large-cap, generally old-economy stocks. While the stock market had declined over the last 18 months, the North Point Large-Cap Fund had performed extremely well. In 2000, the fund earned a return of 20.7%, even as the S&P 500 fell 10.1%. At the end of June 2001, the fund's year-to-date returns stood at 6.4% versus -7.3% for the S&P 500. Only a week earlier, on June 28, 2001, Nike had held an analysts' meeting to disclose its fiscal-year 2001 results.' The meeting, however, had another purpose: Nike management wanted to communicate a strategy for revitalizing the company. Since 1997, its revenues had plateaued at around $9 billion, while net income had fallen from almost $800 million to $580 million (see Exhibit 1). Nike's market share in U.S. athletic shoes had fallen from 48%, in 1997, to 42% in 2000. In addition, recent supply-chain issues and the adverse effect of a strong dollar had negatively affected revenue. At the meeting, management revealed plans to address both top-line growth and operating performance. To boost revenue, the company would develop more athletic-shoe products in the midpriced segment-a segment that Nike had overlooked in recent years. Nike Mindy Grossman, had performed extremely well. On the cost side, Nike would exert more effort Nike's fiscal year ended in May. Business Week (2 July 2001). on expense control. Finally, company executives reiterated their long-term revenue-growth Analysts' reactions were mixed. Some thought the financial targets were too aggressive; others saw significant growth opportunities in apparel and in Nike's international businesses. UVA-F-1353 targets of 8% to 10% and earnings-growth targets of above 15%. Yea (in Kimi Ford read all the analysts' reports that she could find about the June 28 meeting, but the reports gave her no clear guidance a Lehman Brothers report recommended a strong buy, while UBS Warburg and CSFB analysts expressed misgivings about the company and recommended a hold. Ford decided instead to develop her own discounted cash flow forecast to come to a clearer conclusion. Her forecast showed that, at a discount rate of 12%, Nike was overvalued at its current share price of $42.09 (Exhibit 2). However, she had done a quick sensitivity analysis that revealed Nike was undervalued at discount rates below 11.17%. Because she was about to go into a meeting, she asked her new assistant, Joanna Cohen, to estimate Nike's cost of capital. Rey CO: Gr Sel O Int 00 Ro In In N Cohen immediately gathered all the data she thought she might need (Exhibits 1 through 4) and began to work on her analysis. At the end of the day, Cohen submitted her cost-of-capital estimate and a memo (Exhibit 5) explaining her assumptions to Ford. D C Sources of data: Company filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), UBS Warburg. -3- UVA-F-1353 Exhibit 1 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Consolidated Income Statements 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1995 (in millions of dollars except per-share data) Year Ended May 31 Revenues Cost of goods sold Gross profit Selling and administrative Operating income $4,760.8 $ 6,470.6 $ 9,186,5 $ 9,553.1 $ 8,776.9 $ 8,995.1 $ 9,488.8 2,865.3 3,906.7 5,503.0 6,065.5 5,493.5 5,403.8 5,784.9 1,895.6 2,563,9 3,683.5 3,487.6 3,283.4 3,591.3 3,703.9 1,209.8 1,588.6 2,303.7 2,623.8 2,426.6 2,606.4 2,689.7 685.8 975.3 1,379.8 863.8 856.8 984.9 1,014.2 24.2 39.5 52.3 60.0 44.1 45.0 58.7 11.7 36.7 32.3 20.9 21.5 23.2 34.1 129.9 45.1 (2.5) 649.9 899.1 1,295.2 653.0 746.1 919.2 921.4 250.2 345.9 499.4 253.4 294.7 340.1 331.7 399.7 $ 553.2 $ 795.8 $ 399.6 $ 451.4 S 579.1 S 589.7 Interest expense Other expense, net Restructuring charge, net Income before income taxes Income taxes Net income S 1.88 $ 293.6 1.36 $ 294.0 2.68 $ 297.0 1.35 $ 296.0 1.57 S 287.5 2.07 $ 279.8 2.16 273.3 Diluted earnings per common share Average shares outstanding (diluted) Growth (%) Revenue Operating income Net income 35.9 42.2 38.4 42.0 41.5 43.9 4.0 (37.4) (49.8) (8.1) (0.8) 13.0 2.5 15.0 28.3 5.5 3.0 1.8 Margins (%) Gross margin Operating margin 39.6 15.1 8.5 40.1 15.0 8.7 36.5 9.0 4.2 37.4 9.8 5.1 39.9 10.9 6.4 39.0 10.7 6.2 Net margin 38.6 38.8 39.5 37,0 36.0 Effective tax rate (%)* 38.5 *The U.S. statutory tax rate was 35%. The state tax varied yearly from 2.5% to 3.5%. UVA-F-1353 Exhibit 2 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Discounted Cash Flow Analysis 2007 2008 2009 2006 2019 2005 2004 2003 2002 Assumptions: 7.0 Revenue growth (%) 600 COGS sales () SG&A sales (9) 28.0 Tax rate (9) 38,0 Current assets sales (%) 38 0 Current liabilities sales (%) 11.5 Yearly depreciation and capex equal each other. Cost of capital (96) 12.00 Terminal growth rate (%) 3.00 65 60.0 27.5 38 0 380 11.5 6.5 59.5 27.0 380 38.0 11.5 6.5 59.5 26,5 180 38,0 11.5 6.0 59.0 26.0 38.0 38.0 11.5 6.0 59.0 25.5 38.0 38,0 11.5 6.0 585 25.0 38.0 38,0 11.S 6,0 58.5 25.0 38.0 38,0 11.5 6.0 SRO 250 38.0 38.0 11.5 60 58.0 25,0 38,0 380 11.5 Discounted Cash Flow fin millions of dollars except per-share data) 2.9573 Operating income $ 1.218.4 S 1,351.6 S 1,554.6 S 1,717.0 S 1,950.0 $ 2,135.9 $ 2,410.2 $ 2,554.8 $ 2.790.1 741.0 652.5 915.9 313.6 811.7 590.8 463.0 Taxes 970.8 1.060.2 1,123.9 755,4 838,0 1,064.5 963.9 1,209.0 1.324.3 NOPAT 1,494.3 1.584.0 1.729.9 1,8337 Capex, het of depreciation 8.8 (1749) Change in NWC (1863) (195.0) (198.4) (206,7) (219.1) (2323) (246.2) (261.0 Free cash flow 764.1 663.1 777.6 866.2 1,014.0 1,117.6 1,275.2 1,351.7 1.483.7 1,572.7 Terminal value 17,998,3 Total flows 764.1 663.1 777.6 866.2 1,014.0 1,117.6 1,275.2 1,351.7 1,483.7 19,571.0 Present value of flow S 682.3 S 528,6 S 553.5 S 550.5 S 575.4 S 566.2 S 576.8 S 545.9 $ 545.9 $ 535.0 S 6,3012 Enterprise value $ 11,415,4 Less current outstanding debt 1,296,6 Equity value $ 10,118.8 Current shares outstanding 271,5 Equity value per share $ 37.27 42.09 Current share price: Sensitivity of equity value to discount rate: Discount rate Equity value 8.00% S 75.80 8.50% 67.85 9.00% 61.25 9.50% 55.68 10.00% 5092 10.50% 46,81 11.00% 43.22 11.17% 42.09 11.50% 40.07 12.00% 37.27 Source: Case writer's analysis. 2-1353 2011 6.0 58.0 25.0 38.0 38,0 1.5 Source of data: Company filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Exhibit 3 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Consolidated Balance Sheets As of May 31, (in millions of dollars) 2000 2001 Assets Current assets: Cash and equivalents $ 254.3 $ 304.0 Accounts receivable 1,569.4 1,621.4 Inventories 1,446.0 1,424.1 Deferred income taxes 111.5 113.3 Prepaid expenses 215.2 162.5 Total current assets 3,596.4 3,625.3 1.5 1,583.4 Property, plant and equipment, net 1,618.8 .9 Identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, net 410.9 397.3 266.2 178.2 0) Deferred income taxes and other assets $ 5,856.9 Total assets $ 5,819.6 Liabilities and shareholders' equity Current liabilities: S 50.1 $ 5.4 Current portion of long-term debt 924.2 855.3 Notes payable 543.8 432.0 Accounts payable 621.9 472.1 Accrued liabilities 21.9 Income taxes payable 2,140.0 1,786.7 Total current liabilities 470.3 435.9 110.3 0.3 0.3 2.8 2.8 459.4 (9.9) (111.1) (152.1) 2,887.0 3,194.3 3,136.0 3,494.5 $ 5,856.9 $ 5,819.6 102.2 Long-term debt Deferred income taxes and other liabilities Redeemable preferred stock Shareholders' equity: Common stock, par 369.0 (11.7) Capital in excess of stated value Unearned stock compensation Accumulated other comprehensive income Retained earnings Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity UVA-F-1353 -6- Exhibit 4 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Capital Market and Financial Information on or around July 5, 2001 : Nike Share Price Performance Relative to S&P 500: January 2000 to July 5, 2001 Current Yields on U.S. Treasures FROM 1.3 DATE 3-month 6-month 1-year 5-year 10-year 20-year 3.59% 3.59% 3.59% 4.88% 5.39% 5.74% 1.2 SUBJ 1.1 1.0 Based qarwood 0.8 Historical Equity Risk Premiums (1926-1999) Geometric mean 5.90% Arithmetic mean 7.50% 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Current Yield on Publicly Traded Nike Debt Coupon 6.75% paid semi-annually Issued 07/15/96 Maturity 07/15/21 Current Price $ 95.60 00- Mar-00 May-00 Sep-00 Nov-00 Mar-01 Nike --- S&P 500 Nike share price on July 5, 2001: $ 42.09 Nike Historic Betas 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 YTD 6/30/01 0.98 0.84 0.84 0.63 0.83 0.69 Average Dividend History and Forecasts Paymt Dates 31-Mar 30-Jun 1997 0.10 0.10 1998 0.12 0.12 1999 0.12 0.12 2000 0.12 0.12 2001 0.12 0.12 0.80 30-Sep 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.12 31-Dec 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.12 Total 0.40 0.48 0.48 0.48 Consensus EPS estimates: FY 2002 FY 2003 2.32 $ 2.67 S Value Line Forecast of Dividend Growth from '98-'00 to '04-'06: 5.50% *Data have been modified for teaching purposes. Sources of data: Bloomberg Financial Services, Ibbotson Associates Yearbook 1999, Value Line Investment Survey, IBES. of total capital makes up 27.0% and equity accounts for 73.0%: F-1353 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Joanna Cohen's Analysis FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: other to warrant different costs of capital. Were their profiles really different? I concluded that it was only the Cole Haan line that was somewhat different; the rest were all sports- related businesses. Since Cole Haan makes up only a tiny fraction of revenues, however, I did not think that it was necessary to compute a separate cost of capital. As for the apparel and footwear lines, they are sold through the same marketing and distribution channels and are often marketed in other collections of similar designs. Since I believe they face the same risk factors, I decided to compute only one cost of capital for the II. Methodology for Calculating the Cost of Capital: WACC average cost of capital). Based on the latest available balance sheet, debt as a proportion Since Nike is funded with both debt and equity, I used the WACC method (weighted- -7- UVA-F-1353 Exhibit 5 Kimi Ford Joanna Cohen July 6, 2001 Nike's cost of capital Based on the following assumptions, my estimate of Nike's cost of capital is 8.4%: 1. Single or Multiple Costs of Capital? The first question that I considered was whether to use single or multiple costs of capital, given that Nike has multiple business segments. Aside from footwear, which makes up 62% of its revenue, Nike also sells apparel (30% of revenue) that complements its footwear products. In addition, Nike sells sport balls, timepieces, eyewear, skates, bats, and other equipment designed for sports activities. Equipment products account for 3.6% of its revenue. Finally, Nike also sells some non-Nike-branded products such as Cole Haan dress and casual footwear, and ice skates, skate blades, hockey sticks, hockey jerseys, and other products under the Bauer trademark. Non-Nike brands accounted for 4.5% of revenue. I asked myself whether Nike's business segments had different enough risks from each whole company. Debt balances as of May 31, 2000 and 2001, were $1,444.6 million and $1,296.6 million, respectively. Exhibit 5 (continued) Book Values (in millions) Capital Sources Debt Current portion of long-term debt Notes payable Long-term debt S 5.4 855.3 435.9 $ 1,296.6 S 3,494.5 27.0% of total capital 73.0% of total capital t Equity III. Cost of Debt My estimate of Nike's cost of debt is 4.3%. I arrived at this estimate by taking total interest expense for the year 2001 and dividing it by the company's average debt balance. The rate is lower than Treasury yields, but that is because Nike raised a portion of its funding needs through Japanese yen notes, which carry rates between 2.0% and 4.3% After adjusting for tax, the cost of debt comes out to 2.7%. I used a tax rate of 38% which I obtained by adding state taxes of 3% to the U.S. statutory tax rate. Historically, Nike's state taxes have ranged from 2.5% to 3.5%. IV. Cost of Equity I estimated the cost of equity using the capital-asset-pricing model (CAPM). Other methods, such as the dividend-discount model (DDM) and the earnings-capitalization ratio, can be used to estimate the cost of equity. In my opinion, however, the CAPM is the superior method. My estimate of Nike's cost of equity is 10.5%. I used the current yield on 20-year Treasury bonds as my risk-free rate, and the compound average premium of the market over Treasury bonds (5.9%) as my risk premium. For beta, I took the average of Nike's betas from 1996 to the present. Putting It All Together Inputting all my assumptions into the WACC formula, my estimate of Nike's cost of capital is 8.4%. WACC = Ka(1-t) * D/(D+E) + Ke xE/(D+E) = 2.7% x 27.0% +10.5% x 73.0% = 8.4% 3. What is your estimate of the WACC? (Show your calculations on an Excel Spreadsheet.) Identify the sources of data used. Justify your assumptions. Note that the price of the bond in Exhibit 4 is listed as $95.60 but it is really 95.6% of par. 4. Based on your estimate of the WACC, what is your estimate of the value of a share of Nike stock? (Show your calculations on an Excel spreadsheet.) What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? Why