1. What standard of judicial review would courts apply to an agency finding of law that went through the formal adjudication process?

a. Skidmore or Arbitrary and Capricious Review

b. Chevron Review

c. De Novo Review

d. Substantial Evidence review

2. What standard of judicial review would courts apply to an agency finding of law that went through formal rulemaking procedures (APA 556/57, on-the-record)?

a. Skidmore or Arbitrary and Capricious Review

b. Chevron Review

c. De Novo Review

d. Substantial Evidence review

3. What standard of judicial review would courts apply to an agency finding of fact (not jurisdictional or constitutional facts) that went through formal rulemaking procedures (APA 556/57, on-the-record)?

a. Arbitrary and Capricious Review

b. Chevron Review

c. De Novo Review

d. Substantial Evidence review

4. What standard of judicial review would courts apply to an agency finding of law that went through Notice and Comment rulemaking?

Group of answer choices

a. Skidmore or Arbitrary and Capricious Review

b. Chevron Review

c. De Novo Review

d. Substantial Evidence review

5. What standard of judicial review would courts apply to an agency finding of fact determined informally where the agency unreasonably failed to provide an opportunity to be heard?

a. Arbitrary and Capricious Review

b. Chevron Review

c. De Novo Review

d. Substantial Evidence review