1. Which of the following statements is incorrect for grain boundary energy? a) The increase in the dislocation density in the structure of the materials has no effect on the grain boundary energy. b) Grain boundary energy does not change for values greater than 15 of theta angle due to atomic arrangement differences. c) There is a direct proportional relationship between solid-liquid surface energy and grain boundary energy. d) Grain boundary energy of aluminum metal is higher than that of tungsten metal. 2. Which of the following options is given in order of the microstructure that changes with the increasing amount of structural supercooling during the solidification of the alloys? a) Cellular - Planar - Columnar dendrite - Equiaxed dendrite b) Planar - Columnar dendrite - Cellular - Equiaxed dendrite c) Planar - Equiaxed dendrite - Cellular - Columnar dendrite d) Planar - Cellular - Columnar dendrite - Equiaxed dendrite 3. Which of the following statements is correct? a) Thermal supercooling is observed only in pure metals, while structural supercooling is observed in both alloys and pure metals. b) Increasing the G/R value reduces the amount of structural supercooling. c) With the increase of GxR value, material with coarse grained morphology is obtained at the end of solidification. d) The G/R value gives information about the cooling rate during solidification, while the GxR value gives information about the interface morphology that occurs during solidification. 4. Which of the following statements is correct in terms of solidification processes of materials? a) The increase in thermal supercooling during solidification complicates the nucleation mechanism. b) During solidification with low thermal supercooling, the nucleation mechanism is dominant. For this reason, fine-grained material is obtained as a result of solidification. c) Homogeneous nucleation occurs during solidification in materials containing impurities such as carbide, nitride and oxide. d) The amount of thermal supercooling required for the formation of heterogeneous nucleation is lower than the amount of thermal supercooling required for homogeneous nucleation. 5. 1) Grain growth is a reaction controlled process. II) The curvature effect (radius of curvature) is effective in grain growth. III) The driving force required for grain growth does not depend on grain boundary energy. Which of the above statements is/are correct? A) I and III B) II and III C) II only D) I and II 6. Which of the following is false for the recrystallization process? a) The recrystallization process is applied to cold deformed materials to gain reshaping feature. b) During recovery, the hardness of the material does not change significantly and sub-grains are formed in the structure. c) Excessive processing temperature and/or processing time causes grain growth. d) In the recrystallization stage, a rearrangement is observed in the dislocations. 7. Which of the following statements is correct for the pearlitic transformation observed in the steel structure? a) As the temperature selected for the pearlitic transformation decreases below the critical transformation temperature (723C), the time required for the transformation decreases. b) Pearlitic transformation depends on thermodynamic principles. c) The pearlitic transformation in the structure of steels occurs with the eutectic reaction. d) The driving force required for the pearlitic transformation is the gibbs free energy difference between the austenite phase and the ferrite phase. 8. Which of the following information about phase coarsening (Ostwald ripening) is incorrect? a) The driving force in the phase coarsening process is the interface energy. b) The phase coarsening process takes place under diffusion control. c) Due to the large radius of curvature of the large particles (precipitates) in the material structure, large particles dissolve and small particles grow during phase coarsening. d) The solvus curve in the phase diagram is shifted to the right as the size of the precipitates in the structure of the alloy decrease. 9. It is known that new coaxial grains are formed from oriented grains during the recrystallization process in cold deformed material. Which of the following is false for the transformation process that takes place? a) A certain incubation period is required for the transformation to begin. b) The driving force required for transformation consists of the energies of the gaps and dislocations formed during shaping. c) During the transformation, there is atomic movement towards new grains consisting of grains with high dislocation density. d) As the recrystallization temperature increases, the incubation time required for transformation and the completion time of the transformation increase. 10. Which of the following is true for the precipitation hardening process? a) The driving force for precipitation hardening is the gibbs free energy difference between the (alpha) and beta ( ) phases. b) Intermediate phases (GP, ,) formed during the formation of beta precipitates in alpha matrix make precipitate formation difficult. c) Precipitation hardening can be applied to any composition of an alloy having a partially mixed phase diagram. d) As the difference between the temperature of the aging process and the solvus temperature of the material after the solution treatment process decreases, precipitate formation becomes easier. 11. Which of the following statements is true? a) The temperature required for recrystallization of 30% cold-deformed aluminum metal is higher than that of 40% deformed aluminum alloy. b) Re-crystallization is applied to the hot-formed material, giving it the ability to take shape again. c) The activation energy to be exceeded for the recrystallization process increases with the increase of the process temperature. d) It is thermodynamically more stable than the initial state of the coldformed material. 12. I) The surface energy of the ductile fracture material is higher than the brittle fracture material. II) The existence of solids in different geometric shapes can be explained by the surface energies they have. III) According to the broken bond model, the surface energy decreases with the increase in the angle value (theta angle) of the surface with the flat crystal surface. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) I only b) I, II and III c) I and II d) II only 13. Which of the following is incorrect for the grain growth process? a) The effect of the secondary phases (particles) formed in the structure of the materials on the grain growth increases above the solvus temperature of the material. b) The amount of grain growth observed in single-phase materials under the same conditions is higher than in multi-phase materials. c) Grain growth kinetic laws are Burke-Turnbull and von-NeumannMullins laws. d) For the same particle volume ratio, the grain growth is higher in material containing large particles (secondary phases) than material containing small particles under the same conditions. 14. I) Recrystallization temperature in pure metals is lower than in alloys. II) The change of the recrystallization temperature does not cause any change in the shift of the S curve drawn for the transformation to the right and left. III) The melting temperatures of the materials have no effect on the recrystallization temperature. Which of the above statements are correct? a) I, II and III b) I only c) II only d) I and II 15. Which of the following statements is incorrect for S curves? a) In order to determine the start and end times of the transformation from austenite phase to martensite phase in the structure of the steel material, the S curves drawn for the transformation can be used. b) S curve is used in solid-liquid, solid-solid and solid-gas transformations. c) The amount of supercooling that increases during the transformation shifts the S curves to the left. d) S curves give information about the start and end times of a transformation. 16. Which of the following statements is true? a) The energy required to increase the surface area of a material by 1br2 is defined as the surface energy. b) The solid-solid interface energy is greater than the solid-gas interface energy. c) For low-temperature solids, the change of surface energy with respect to surface area is equal to zero. d) Broken bond model explains the relationship of surface area with atom orientation. 17. Which of the following is a correct judgment for the interphase interface (the presence of beta precipitates in the alpha phase)? a) Dislocations occur at the interface in order to reduce the elastic strain energy at the semi-conforming interface. b) The coherent interface energy is higher than the quasicongruent and incongruent interface energy. c) The elastic strain energy occurring at the incompatible interface depends on the difference in the lattice parameter between the alpha and beta phases. d) Only crystal structure difference occurs between alpha matrix and beta precipitates. 18. I) According to von-Neumann-Mullins grain growth kinetic law, grain shrinkage is observed when the number of grain edges (n) is 6 or more. II) During the grain growth in the material structure, the grains may gain and lose edges. III) In the grain growth process, the side slopes of the grains being concave (concave) and convex (convex) do not change the direction of atomic motion. Which of the above statements are correct? a) I and II b) I only c) II only d) I, II and III 19. Which of the following statements is true? a) The precipitate (secondary phase) shapes formed in the material structure are related to the grain boundary energy. b) The acceleration of grain growth in the structure of materials at high temperatures can only be explained by the dissolution of the secondary phases (precipitates) in the structure. c) With the dissolution and/or growth of the secondary phases in the structure of the materials, the grain growth exponent value becomes equal to 0.5 . d) During the solidification of the materials, the solid-liquid interface energy facilitates the solidification process. 20. Which of the following statements is correct for the concept of surface energy? a) As the temperature of a material increases, the surface energy increases. b) The surface energy of aluminum metal is lower than that of tungsten metal. c) The unit of surface energy is W/mK. d) There is a relationship between the modulus of elasticity of materials and their surface energies. 21. I) With the heterogeneous nucleation process, finer grained material can be obtained compared to the homogeneous nucleation process. II) In the homogeneous nucleation process, good wetting of the solid surface of the liquid phase is a necessary condition for the process to take place. III) The amount of structural supercooling that occurs in the solidification process of alloys depends only on the alloy composition. Which of the above statements is incorrect? a) I and II b) I, II and III c) II and III d) II only 22. Which of the following statements is true? a) The critical radius value for the solidification processes of the materials is a function of the volumetric free energy change and the liquidsolid interface energy. b) As the melting temperature of pure metals increases, the amount of supercooling required for homogeneous nucleation decreases. c) In the homogeneous nucleation process, solidification starts in the defective areas. d) During solidification with planar growth, the latent heat of fusion released at the solid-liquid interface is transferred to the supercooled liquid. 23. Which of the following statements is true? a) The bainitic and martensitic transformation processes observed in the structure of steel materials are based on thermodynamic principles. b) In the pearlitic transformation process, the transformation takes place when the driving force is less than the interface energy. c) In a polycrystalline material, phase transformation starts from within the grain, which is the high-energy region. d) For the solid-solid phase transformation to take place, more thermal supercooling is required compared to the solid-liquid phase transformations. 24. I) When the temperature of the protrusion formed at the solidliquid interface during solidification is higher than the melting temperature of the material, the protrusion at the interface grows and causes the formation of dendrites. II) In the structure of the material containing secondary phases (precipitates), it is desired that the sum of the interfacial area energy and elastic strain energy be high for the precipitate-matrix interface compatibility. III) With the increase in the size of the precipitates in the structure of the materials, the precipitate-matrix interface harmony is deteriorated. Which of the above statements are correct? a) III only b) II and III c) I, II and III d) I and II 25. Which of the following is an incorrect statement in terms of secondary phases (precipitates) in the material? a) During the precipitation hardening process, the size of the precipitate formed at the grain boundaries in the material structure is larger than the size of the precipitate formed in the grain. b) In the precipitate formation process, as the difference between the aging temperature and the solvus temperature increases, the precipitate formation becomes easier. c) The change in the critical radius value required for precipitate formation has no effect on the activation energy required for precipitate formation. d) The critical radius value to be exceeded for precipitate formation depends on the volumetric free energy change. 26. Which of the following statements is incorrect for the precipitation hardening process? a) In the precipitation hardening process, the GP zone consists of , and intermediate metastable phases. b) In the precipitation hardening process, as the difference between the solvus temperature of the material and the aging temperature increases, the precipitation formation becomes easier. c) The critical radius value required for precipitate formation depends on the volumetric free energy change. d) The critical radius value to be exceeded for precipitate formation depends on the volumetric free energy change. 27. I) Structural supercooling is observed only in solidification of pure metals. II) The driving force required for solidification depends on the volumetric free energy difference of the solid and liquid phases. III) For homogeneous nucleation to occur, the liquid phase must wet the solid surface. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) II and III b) I and II c) II only d) I, II and III 28. I) The amount of undercooling required for solid-solid phase transformation processes is applied to liquid-solid phase transformation processes. is more than. II) The martensitic transformation observed in the structure of steels depends on thermodynamic principles. III) Martensitic transformation is a diffusion-controlled process. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) I, II, III b) II and III c) II only d) III only Fra 29. S curves are drawn above for pearlitic transformation at different temperatures. Considering the S curve, b) Which of the following is true? c) a) T1=T2=T3 d) b) T1>T2>T3 e) c) T3>T2>T1 f) d) T2>T3>T1 30. Which of the following is the correct one for the interphase interface (the presence of beta precipitates in the alpha phase) is judgment? a) Dislocations occur at the interface in order to reduce the elastic strain energy at the semi-conforming interface. b) The particle shapes at the semi-coherent interface depend on the c/a ratio. c) The elastic strain energy occurring at the incompatible interface depends on the difference in the lattice parameter between the alpha and beta phases. d) Only crystal structure difference occurs between alpha matrix and beta precipitates. 31. Which of the following information about phase coarsening (Ostwald ripening) is incorrect? a) The phase coarsening process increases the internal energy of the material. b) As the size of the particles in the matrix decreases, their solubility in the structure increases. c) The phase coarsening process takes place under diffusion control. d) In the phase coarsening process, the driving force is the matrix-precipitate interface energy. 32. Which of the following statements is false? a) The nucleation rate is a function of temperature. b) The undercooling required for the solidification process depends on the melting temperature of the materials. c) Homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation occurs on the S curve to be drawn for the solidification process. does not make any change. d) As the amount of undercooling increases, the critical radius value required for nucleation decreases. a) Dislocations occur at the interface in order to reduce the elastic strain energy at the semi-conforming interface. b) The particle shapes at the semi-coherent interface depend on the c/a ratio. c) The elastic strain energy occurring at the incompatible interface depends on the difference in the lattice parameter between the alpha and beta phases. d) Only crystal structure difference occurs between alpha matrix and beta precipitates. 31. Which of the following information about phase coarsening (Ostwald ripening) is incorrect? a) The phase coarsening process increases the internal energy of the material. b) As the size of the particles in the matrix decreases, their solubility in the structure increases. c) The phase coarsening process takes place under diffusion control. d) In the phase coarsening process, the driving force is the matrix-precipitate interface energy. 32. Which of the following statements is false? a) The nucleation rate is a function of temperature. b) The undercooling required for the solidification process depends on the melting temperature of the materials. c) Homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation occurs on the S curve to be drawn for the solidification process. does not make any change. d) As the amount of undercooling increases, the critical radius value required for nucleation decreases. 33. Which of the following options is the microstructure that changes with the increasing G/R ratio during the solidification of the alloys? is given? a) Cellular - Planar - Columnar dendrite - Equiaxed dendrite b) Planar-Equiaxed dendrite-Cellular-Columnar dendrite c) Planar - Cellular - Columnar dendrite - Equiaxed dendrite d) Equiaxed dendrite - Columnar Dendrite-Cellular - Planar 34.Dominant reactions in the regions indicated on the temperaturenucleation rate graph given above which of the following? a) I- nucleation and growth rate optimum, II - growth rate, III - nucleation rate b) I- nucleation rate, II - nucleation and growth rate optimum, IIgrowth rate c) I- nucleation rate, II - growth rate, III - nucleation and growth rate optimum d) I - growth rate, II - nucleation and growth rate optimum, III- nucleation rate 35. l) Semicoherent interfacial energy > Congruent interfacial energy > Incompatible interfacial energy II) The size of the precipitate can change the matrix-precipitate interface compatibility. III) Compatibility of the matrix interface with the precipitate obtained in the matrix phase as a result of precipitation hardening process Regardless, the precipitates in the matrix phase in any case increase the hardness of the material. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) II and III b) II only c) III only d) I and II Belge sonu